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Comparing the changes of arterial anastomotic blood flow between general anesthesia alone and general anesthesia with epidural anesthesia in patients who undergoing free flap transposition using Duplex ultrasound.
Maintaining adequate blood flow is important on the success of free flap surgery. Epidural anesthesia can influence blood flow during surgery. Therefore, investigators aim to compare the effect of epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia and general anesthesia alone on blood flow in arterial anastomosis site of the free flap.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epidural with general anesthesia | Experimental | Epidural anesthesia with 0.2% ropivacaine 10 ml |
|
| General anesthesia alone | No Intervention | Sevoflurane and nitrous oxide. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epidural anesthesia | Other | After anesthesia induction, epidural catheter is inserted into lumbar epidural in epidural with general anesthesia group. A 10 ml of 0.2% ropivacaine should be given in epidural space via a catheter when anastomosis of free flap is finished in epidural with general anesthesia group. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maximal blood flow velocity | Maximal blood flow velocity measured by using Duplex ultrasound | 30 minutes after flap arterial anastomosis |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood volume | Blood volume measured by using Duplex ultrasound | 30 minutes after flap arterial anastomosis |
| Arterial blood pressure | Arterial blood pressure measured monitors |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Young-Kug Kim, MD, PhD | Asan Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asan Medical Center | Seoul | 05505 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5044554 | Background | Wright CJ, Cousins MJ. Blood flow distribution in the human leg following epidural sympathetic blockade. Arch Surg. 1972 Aug;105(2):334-7. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1972.04180080180030. No abstract available. | |
| 1952169 | Background | Tuman KJ, McCarthy RJ, March RJ, DeLaria GA, Patel RV, Ivankovich AD. Effects of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on coagulation and outcome after major vascular surgery. Anesth Analg. 1991 Dec;73(6):696-704. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199112000-00005. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000767 | Anesthesia, Epidural |
| D000077212 | Ropivacaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000765 | Anesthesia, Conduction |
| D000758 | Anesthesia |
| D000760 | Anesthesia and Analgesia |
| D000813 | Anilides |
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|
|
| 30 minutes after flap arterial anastomosis |
| Cardiac output | Cardiac output measured monitors | 30 minutes after flap arterial anastomosis |
| Pulse pressure variability | Pulse pressure variability measured monitors | 30 minutes after flap arterial anastomosis |
| Body temperature | Body temperature measured monitors | 30 minutes after flap arterial anastomosis |
| Arterial carbon dioxide concentration | Arterial carbon dioxide concentration measured arterial blood gas analysis | 30 minutes after flap arterial anastomosis |
| Free flap failure | Free flap failure after surgery | Day 7 after free flap surgery |
| 8050457 | Background | Pallares LC, Deane CR, Baudouin SV, Evans TW. Strain gauge plethysmography and Doppler ultrasound in the measurement of limb blood flow. Eur J Clin Invest. 1994 Apr;24(4):279-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb01086.x. |
| 26910694 | Background | Lou F, Sun Z, Huang N, Hu Z, Cao A, Shen Z, Shao Z, Yu P, Miao C, Wu J. Epidural Combined with General Anesthesia versus General Anesthesia Alone in Patients Undergoing Free Flap Breast Reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016 Mar;137(3):502e-509e. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000479933.75887.82. |
| 15543327 | Background | Delis KT, Knaggs AL, Mason P, Macleod KG. Effects of epidural-and-general anesthesia combined versus general anesthesia alone on the venous hemodynamics of the lower limb. A randomized study. Thromb Haemost. 2004 Nov;92(5):1003-11. doi: 10.1160/TH04-04-0233. |
| D000577 |
| Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |