The most common syndrome in patients with severe dementia is agitated behavior, which is often characterized by a combination of violent behavior (physical or verbal), restlessness, and inappropriate loudness. The treatment options for this syndrome are limited and lead to severe side effects. In vivo experiments on animals and clinical studies on adults show that cannabinoids could have a beneficial effect on behavioral disorders in general, and in dementia-related disorders in particular.

Additionally, medical cannabis patients have reported that cannabis aids in pain relief, increased appetite, and a sense of calm and peace of mind. Elderly patients suffering from dementia that experience this syndrome could also benefit from other quality of life aspects of the cannabis treatment such as reduction in medication consumption, weight gain and improvement of sleep.

In this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 60 patients will be randomly assigned to receive either CBD-A (30:1) cannabis rich low THC oil (30% CBD and 1% THC) or a placebo oil. The primary efficacy endpoint was a decrease of four or more points on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) score by week 16, as compared to baseline. Secondary endpoints included improvement of other neurobehavioral symptoms.

The following questionnaires will be administered by trained staff at every visit: The CMAI, a to measure the types and frequencies of agitated behaviors, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home Version (NPI-NH) to measure behavioral disturbances.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or female subjects > 60 years old.
• Written informed consent from participants legally authorized representative.
• Subjects who are residing either in an institutionalized setting (e.g. dementia unit, nursing home, assisted living facility, or other residential care facility) or in a non-institutionalized setting where the subject is not living alone and is receiving 24-hour supervision via home health care or a family member. Subjects must have been at their current location for at least 14 days before screening and plan to remain at the same location for the duration of the trial.
• Diagnosis of Dementia (NCD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) Criteria for at least 6 months prior to screening.
• Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) < 26.
• Clinically relevant Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) operationally defined as NPI-NH agitation/ aggression sub score of ≥3 at screening.
• Documented history of clinically relevant BPSD.
• Ability to participate in study evaluation and ingest oral medication.
• Subjects will be on stable concomitant medications regimen for the treatment of BPSD for at least one month prior to the screening visit.
• Subjects will be on stable concomitant medications regimen for the treatment of concurrent conditions for at least one month prior to the screening visit.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients receiving any of the following medications: Astemizole, Cisapride, Pimozide or Terfenadine.
• The agitation/aggression is attributable to concomitant medications, environmental conditions or psychiatric condition.
• Patients with severe heart disease.
• Subjects suffering from Epilepsy.
• Subjects suffering from anxiety disorder.
• Subjects who had psychiatric condition in the past OR suffering from psychosis.
• Schizophrenia OR family history of Schizophrenia OR any other mental disorder.
• Subjects with any other condition, which in the judgment of the investigator would prevent the subject from completing the study.
• Any condition that the Investigator believes would interfere with the intent of the study or would make participation not in the best interest of the patient.
• Patients suffering from alcohol and/or substance abuse
• Surgery within 30 days prior to screening or scheduled surgery during the study period.