Physical activity is a first line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), however, the vast majority of patients with T2D do not achieve satisfying glycemic control with physical activity alone, which is why pharmacological treatment with metformin is most often initiated.

It is known that metformin and exercise both activates 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle and liver, and the activation of AMPK results in many different metabolic effects, including improvements in glycemic control. Because of this similarity in mechanism of action, an interaction between metformin and exercise is plausible, but knowledge in the area is sparse. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the effects of training with and without concomitant metformin treatment, in order to investigate whether an interaction between the two occur.

Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance will all undergo 12 weeks of training but will be randomized (1:1) to concomitant metformin/placebo treatment in a double-blinded way. Experimental days will be performed before randomisation (before initiation of metformin/placebo treatment), before initiation of the training period and after the training period.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Glucose-lowering-medication naïve T2D and/or subjects with impaired glucose tolerance defined as: 2-h plasma glucose (PG) in the 75-g OGTT (7.8-11.0 mmol/L) and/or HbA1c (39-47 mmol/mol)
• Caucasian
• BMI > 25 but < 40 kg/m2
• Low to moderate physically active (≤90 min of structured physical activity/week)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy
• Smoking
• Glucose-lowering treatment
• Treatment with steroids and other immunomodulating drugs
• Contraindication to increased levels of physical activity
• Liver disease (ALAT elevated more than 3 times above upper normal limit, or reduce levels of the liver function markers albumin and KF II+VII+X)
• Renal insufficiency (eGFR<60 ml/min)
• Prior history of lactic acidosis
• HbA1c >55 mmol/mol and/or 2-hPG in the 75-g OGTT > 15 mmol/L