A prospective, analyst-blinded, randomized control trial to assess the incidence of intravenous (IV) fluid over-administration in the setting of pediatric dental surgeries. Anesthetists will be randomized to either administer their IV fluid through an infusion pump or a gravity drip device.

In the perioperative setting, IV fluids are administered to mitigate the effects of preoperative fasting and sources of fluid loss that are unique to surgical intervention. Significant harms have been associated with the over-administration of IV fluid in pediatric patients. Infusion pumps have been shown to reduce medication administration errors in inpatients receiving continuous IV infusions. In contrast, laboratory experiments have demonstrated that gravity driven fluid delivery systems are influenced by numerous extrinsic factors. To date, no work has investigated the perioperative incidence of IV fluid over-administration in pediatric patients randomized either to infusion pumps (intervention) or gravity-fed IV systems (control).

Inclusion Criteria:

• ASA 1 and 2 children presenting for dental surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Children with pre-existing cardiac, renal, pulmonary or endocrine disease. In addition any child with an ASA score of 3 or greater.

Participants will blinded to group allocation by concealment of the IV fluid delivery device in the operating room. Analysts will be presented with data that has been coded to conceal each participants' allocation to either the intervention or control group.