The safety and effectiveness of AmBisome 15 mg/kg, given over 15 days in 5 biweekly infusions of 3 mg/kg on an outpatient basis, is evaluated in clinically diagnosed PKDL patients of 12 years and older in a highly endemic area in Bangladesh. This is a prospective study, with the objective to assess final cure 12 months after treatment.

The safety and effectiveness of AmBisome 15 mg/kg, given over 15 days in 5 biweekly infusions of 3 mg/kg on an outpatient basis, was evaluated in clinically diagnosed PKDL patients of 12 years and older in a highly endemic area in Bangladesh. This was a prospective study, with the objective to assess final cure 12 months after treatment. Clinical response was monitored at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, and safety during and up until one month after treatment. A total of 280 patients recruited between 8 April and 25 November 2014 received AmBisome. Of these, 272 were assessed at 12 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

-Patients of 12 years and older with probable PKDL (skin lesions strongly suggestive of PKDL with exclusion of other skin diseases, a history of VL treatment and a positive serological rK39 test)

Exclusion Criteria:

• PKDL and concurrent VL
• Prior treatment for PKDL
• On medication with a side effect profile overlapping with that of AmBisome
• A known hypersensitivity to AmBisome
• Pregnant and lactating women,
• Known cardiac disease, hepatic impairment or another severe chronic underlying disease -Renal impairment (baseline serum creatinine > 1.3 mg/dL)
• Serum potassium <3.5mmol/L at baseline