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Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injection is helpful for the treatment of lumbosacral radicular pain. But needle handling during the procedure may cause pain and discomfort to the patient. At the local skin anesthesia step, local anesthetics injection to the muscle layer along the needle pathway as well as the subcutaneous layer may reduce the procedural pain. In addition, it can reduce the injection site pain that may occur after the procedure.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| subcutaneous anesthesia group (group A) | Experimental |
| |
| muscle anesthesia group (group B) | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1ml of local anesthetics (1% Lidocaine) were injected into the subcutaneous layer. | Procedure | 1) In group A, 1ml of local anesthetics (1% Lidocaine) were injected into the subcutaneous layer. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Procedural Pain score (NRS) | Numeric Rating Scale(NRS) score : from 0 (No pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable) | Immediately after the procedure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| At the next outpatient visit, whether the injection site pain(Yes) or not(No) | At the next outpatient visit, subjects asked about injection site pain (Yes / No) after the last injection. | 2 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical manifestations of adult men and women over 20 years of age are eligible for radiculopathy due to back nerve root compression and subject to fluoroscopically guided lumbar transforaminal epidural Injection at the suspected spinal nerveroots level.
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dept. of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, | Seoul | 03722 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30153126 | Derived | Baek IC, Choi SY, Suh J, Kim SH. The Influence of Local Anesthesia Depth on Procedural Pain During Fluoroscopically Guided Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injections: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Apr;98(4):253-257. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001032. |
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subcutaneous anesthesia group (group A) muscle anesthesia group (group B)
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| 1ml of a local anesthetics (1% idocaine) are first injected into the subcutaneous layer, followed by 3~4ml of local anesthetics to the muscle layer along the expected needle pathway. | Procedure | 2) In group B, 1ml of a local anesthetics (1% Lidocaine) are first injected into the subcutaneous layer, followed by 3~4ml of local anesthetics to the muscle layer along the expected needle pathway. |
|
| 1% Lidocaine | Drug | 1% Lidocaine |
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073818 | Pain, Procedural |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000779 | Anesthetics, Local |
| D008012 | Lidocaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000777 | Anesthetics |
| D002492 | Central Nervous System Depressants |
| D045505 | Physiological Effects of Drugs |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D018689 | Sensory System Agents |
| D018373 | Peripheral Nervous System Agents |
| D002491 | Central Nervous System Agents |
| D045506 | Therapeutic Uses |
| D000083 | Acetanilides |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |
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