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The primary objective of this study is to investigate the Visual Analog Score (VAS) for pain within the post-operative setting and determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the VAS for PO or IV acetaminophen. It is expected that in doing so the investigators can produce the maximal amount of pain relief after surgery while making conscientious monetary decisions.
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is one of the most common Ear Nose and Throat Surgeries done in the United States annually. This procedure can vary from intense to moderate pain and as such it is difficult to properly gauge and treat postoperative pain in these patients. Commonly used in these cases, opioid drugs are given to provide adequate analgesia, however higher opioid usage is observed to cause increased Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) stays, respiratory complications and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV). Acetaminophen is commonly used as an adjunct in these circumstances because of its opioid sparing properties.
Acetaminophen is a synthetic nonopioid p-aminophenol derivative available over the counter. Its properties include analgesic and antipyretic qualities and it is listed on the world health organization's list of essential medicines. The potential risks include liver damage, skin reactions and drug interactions when used with blood thinners at high doses. Acetaminophen has been extensively researched, in vitro and in vivo studies have found the drug to be safe when used at proper doses. Recently intravenous use of acetaminophen has gained popularity due to ease of use and ability to be given intraoperatively. This form of acetaminophen, although convenient, is around sixty two times the cost of oral acetaminophen. Due to this increased cost it is imperative that the investigators compare the two routes of administration in order to determine if the additional cost is justified.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaminophen 975mg Per Os | Active Comparator | 975mg of Acetaminophen given by mouth |
|
| Acetaminophen 1000mg Intravenous | Active Comparator | 1000mg of Acetaminophen given intravenously |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaminophen | Drug | Acetaminophen given for pain relief |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| VAS for pain | First VAS pain score applied | 0-1 hour |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Opioid Use | Postoperative opioid consumption for pain control | 24 hours |
| Time in PACU | Time required to be admitted and discharged home |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amy Quinkert, PhD | Contact | 6175734192 | amy_quinkert@meei.harvard.edu | |
| Iuliu Fat, MD | Contact | 617-573-3380 | iuliu_fat@meei.harvard.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Iuliu Fat, MD | MEEI | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts Eye and Ear | Recruiting | Boston | Massachusetts | 02114 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7986507 | Background | Carroll NV, Miederhoff PA, Cox FM, Hirsch JD. Costs incurred by outpatient surgical centers in managing postoperative nausea and vomiting. J Clin Anesth. 1994 Sep-Oct;6(5):364-9. doi: 10.1016/s0952-8180(05)80004-2. | |
| 9428860 | Background | DeLoach LJ, Higgins MS, Caplan AB, Stiff JL. The visual analog scale in the immediate postoperative period: intrasubject variability and correlation with a numeric scale. Anesth Analg. 1998 Jan;86(1):102-6. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199801000-00020. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000082 | Acetaminophen |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083 | Acetanilides |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 |
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| 3-5 hours |
| VAS for pain | Second VAS pain score applied | 1-2 hours |
| VAS for pain | Third VAS pain score applied | 2-3 hours |
| VAS for pain | Last VAS pain score applied | 24 hours |
| PONV | Incidence of PONV | 24 hours |
| 23220855 | Background | Fenlon S, Collyer J, Giles J, Bidd H, Lees M, Nicholson J, Dulai R, Hankins M, Edelman N. Oral vs intravenous paracetamol for lower third molar extractions under general anaesthesia: is oral administration inferior? Br J Anaesth. 2013 Mar;110(3):432-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes387. Epub 2012 Dec 6. |
| Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |