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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of postural exercise program added to pulmonary rehabilitation program on quality of life, exercise tolerance and postural stability in children with Cystic Fibrosis.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, multisystem involvement disease. The most important cause of mortality in CF is pulmonary complications. Prevention of pulmonary complications is only possible with pulmonary rehabilitation. Pulmonary rehabilitation methods used in CF are called airway cleaning techniques that include postural drainage, breathing techniques and use of devices. These techniques have not been proven to be superior to each other. Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) is one of the breathing techniques used to remove secretions from the lungs.
Pulmonary disease progression in CF causes postural impairment and decrease of exercise tolerance, which can reduce effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of postural exercise program added to pulmonary rehabilitation program on quality of life, exercise tolerance and postural stability in children with CF.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary rehabilitation+exercise group | Experimental | Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) and postural exercise program |
|
| Pulmonary rehabilitation group | Active Comparator | Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) | Other | ACBT involves three phases (Breathing control, chest expansion exercise, and huff coughing). These phases will apply with a sequence to remove secretion. ACBT will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise Tolerance | Modified Shuttle Test (MST) is used to measure the exercise tolerance. The patient is asked to walk until feeling tired between two fixed objects with a 10-meter interval, starting at normal walking speed and increasing the speed at the beginning of each minute. Maximum distance (meters) is measured for the test. | Before treatment |
| Exercise Tolerance | Modified Shuttle Test (MST) is used to measure the exercise tolerance. The patient is asked to walk until feeling tired between two fixed objects with a 10-meter interval, starting at normal walking speed and increasing the speed at the beginning of each minute. Maximum distance (meters) is measured for the test. | 6 weeks |
| Exercise Tolerance | Modified Shuttle Test (MST) is used to measure the exercise tolerance. The patient is asked to walk until feeling tired between two fixed objects with a 10-meter interval, starting at normal walking speed and increasing the speed at the beginning of each minute. Maximum distance (meters) is measured for the test. | 3 months |
| Exercise Tolerance | Modified Shuttle Test (MST) is used to measure the exercise tolerance. The patient is asked to walk until feeling tired between two fixed objects with a 10-meter interval, starting at normal walking speed and increasing the speed at the beginning of each minute. Maximum distance (meters) is measured for the test. | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quality of Life | The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQR) is used to measure the quality of life. This scale is found to be valid and reliable in Turkish. The child version of this test consists 35 questions about physical function, emotional function, social function, body appearance, eating disorders, treatment difficulties, respiratory and digestive symptoms. The total score is calculated between 0-100 and higher scores define the better condition. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Evrim Karadag Saygi, MD, Prof | Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | Istanbul | 34899 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23702786 | Background | Edwards J, Clarke A, Greenop D. Adults with cystic fibrosis - responding to a new ageing population. Chronic Illn. 2013 Dec;9(4):312-9. doi: 10.1177/1742395313479982. Epub 2013 May 23. | |
| 24596827 | Background | Barker N, Raghavan A, Buttling P, Douros K, Everard ML. Thoracic Kyphosis is Now Uncommon Amongst Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pediatr. 2014 Feb 17;2:11. doi: 10.3389/fped.2014.00011. eCollection 2014. |
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Number of patients assessed for eligibility was 30. Among them,8 participants were excluded due to being inappropiate for the inclusion criteria (6 were out of age limits, 2 did not agree to participate in the study)
Recruitment period was March 2017-October 2017 Setting: A university hospital outpatient clinics
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Pulmonary Rehabilitation+Exercise Group | Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) and postural exercise program Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT): ACBT involves three phases (Breathing control, chest expansion exercise, and huff coughing). These phases will apply with a sequence to remove secretion. ACBT will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. Postural Exercise: Postural exercise program will include thoracic vertebra mobilization, pectoral stretching, scapula and thoracic extensors strengthening and core stability exercises. Postural exercise program will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. |
| FG001 | Pulmonary Rehabilitation Group | Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT): ACBT involves three phases (Breathing control, chest expansion exercise, and huff coughing). These phases will apply with a sequence to remove secretion. ACBT will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Pulmonary Rehabilitation+Exercise Group | Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) and postural exercise program Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT): ACBT involves three phases (Breathing control, chest expansion exercise, and huff coughing). These phases will apply with a sequence to remove secretion. ACBT will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. Postural Exercise: Postural exercise program will include thoracic vertebra mobilization, pectoral stretching, scapula and thoracic extensors strengthening and core stability exercises. Postural exercise program will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Exercise Tolerance | Modified Shuttle Test (MST) is used to measure the exercise tolerance. The patient is asked to walk until feeling tired between two fixed objects with a 10-meter interval, starting at normal walking speed and increasing the speed at the beginning of each minute. Maximum distance (meters) is measured for the test. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | meters | Before treatment |
|
6 months
All-Cause Mortality, Serious, or Other (non-serious) Adverse Events were monitored.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Pulmonary Rehabilitation+Exercise Group | Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) and postural exercise program Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT): ACBT involves three phases (Breathing control, chest expansion exercise, and huff coughing). These phases will apply with a sequence to remove secretion. ACBT will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. Postural Exercise: Postural exercise program will include thoracic vertebra mobilization, pectoral stretching, scapula and thoracic extensors strengthening and core stability exercises. Postural exercise program will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Kardelen Gencer Atalay | Marmara University | 5324404887 | 532 | kardelengencer@gmail.com |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Jan 24, 2017 | Jan 25, 2018 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003550 | Cystic Fibrosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010182 | Pancreatic Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| Postural Exercise | Other | Postural exercise program will include thoracic vertebra mobilization, pectoral stretching, scapula and thoracic extensors strengthening and core stability exercises. Postural exercise program will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. |
|
| Before treatment |
| Quality of Life | The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQR) is used to measure the quality of life. This scale is found to be valid and reliable in Turkish. The child version of this test consists 35 questions about physical function, emotional function, social function, body appearance, eating disorders, treatment difficulties, respiratory and digestive symptoms. The total score is calculated between 0-100 and higher scores define the better condition. | 6 weeks |
| Quality of Life | The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQR) is used to measure the quality of life. This scale is found to be valid and reliable in Turkish. The child version of this test consists 35 questions about physical function, emotional function, social function, body appearance, eating disorders, treatment difficulties, respiratory and digestive symptoms. The total score is calculated between 0-100 and higher scores define the better condition. | 3 months |
| Quality of Life | The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQR) is used to measure the quality of life. This scale is found to be valid and reliable in Turkish. The child version of this test consists 35 questions about physical function, emotional function, social function, body appearance, eating disorders, treatment difficulties, respiratory and digestive symptoms. The total score is calculated between 0-100 and higher scores define the better condition. | 6 months |
| Postural Stability | The Balance Master Device- Limits of Stability Test (LOS) is used for to measure the postural stability of children. The LOS consists a 18x60 inch of a pressure platform which connected to a computer system. The patient is asked to stand on the platform barefoot and watch the image which can be moved by trunk movement on the computer the monitor. It is required to move the image towards to target points on the monitor with commands. Reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion and direction control parameters are calculated during these trunk movements. Reaction time (seconds) parameter is preferred to use for this study. | Before treatment |
| Postural Stability | The Balance Master Device- Limits of Stability Test (LOS) is used for to measure the postural stability of children. The LOS consists a 18x60 inch of a pressure platform which connected to a computer system. The patient is asked to stand on the platform barefoot and watch the image which can be moved by trunk movement on the computer the monitor. It is required to move the image towards to target points on the monitor with commands. Reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion and direction control parameters are calculated during these trunk movements. Reaction time (seconds) parameter is preferred to use for this study. | 6 weeks |
| Postural Stability | The Balance Master Device- Limits of Stability Test (LOS) is used for to measure the postural stability of children. The LOS consists a 18x60 inch of a pressure platform which connected to a computer system. The patient is asked to stand on the platform barefoot and watch the image which can be moved by trunk movement on the computer the monitor. It is required to move the image towards to target points on the monitor with commands. Reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion and direction control parameters are calculated during these trunk movements. Reaction time (seconds) parameter is preferred to use for this study. | 3 months |
| Postural Stability | The Balance Master Device- Limits of Stability Test (LOS) is used for to measure the postural stability of children. The LOS consists a 18x60 inch of a pressure platform which connected to a computer system. The patient is asked to stand on the platform barefoot and watch the image which can be moved by trunk movement on the computer the monitor. It is required to move the image towards to target points on the monitor with commands. Reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion and direction control parameters are calculated during these trunk movements. Reaction time (seconds) parameter is preferred to use for this study. | 6 months |
| Pulmonary Function | Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) | Before treatment |
| Pulmonary Function | Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) | 6 weeks |
| Pulmonary Function | Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) | 3 months |
| Pulmonary Function | Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) | 6 months |
| Spinal Deformity- The Cobb Angle (Researcher 1) | The Cobb angle was measured on anteroposterior scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the vertebra corpus where the curve begins and the end plate of the vertebra corpus which the curve ends. | Before treatment |
| Spinal Deformity- The Cobb Angle (Researcher 2) | The Cobb angle was measured on anteroposterior scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the vertebra corpus where the curve begins and the end plate of the vertebra corpus which the curve ends. | Before treatment |
| Spinal Deformity- The Cobb Angle (Researcher 1) | The Cobb angle was measured on anteroposterior scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the vertebra corpus where the curve begins and the end plate of the vertebra corpus which the curve ends. | 6 months |
| Spinal Deformity- The Cobb Angle (Researcher 2) | The Cobb angle was measured on anteroposterior scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the vertebra corpus where the curve begins and the end plate of the vertebra corpus which the curve ends. | 6 months |
| Spinal Deformity- The Modified Cobb Angle (Researcher 1) | The Modified Cobb angle was found on lateral scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the T4 vertebra corpus and the inferior end plate of the T12 vertebra corpus. | Before treatment |
| Spinal Deformity- The Modified Cobb Angle (Researcher 2) | The Modified Cobb angle was found on lateral scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the T4 vertebra corpus and the inferior end plate of the T12 vertebra corpus. | Before treatment |
| Spinal Deformity- The Modified Cobb Angle (Researcher 1) | The Modified Cobb angle was found on lateral scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the T4 vertebra corpus and the inferior end plate of the T12 vertebra corpus. | 6 months |
| Spinal Deformity- The Modified Cobb Angle (Researcher 2) | The Modified Cobb angle was found on lateral scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the T4 vertebra corpus and the inferior end plate of the T12 vertebra corpus. | 6 months |
| 12906321 | Background | Tattersall R, Walshaw MJ. Posture and cystic fibrosis. J R Soc Med. 2003;96 Suppl 43(Suppl 43):18-22. No abstract available. |
| 21289861 | Background | Daniels T. Physiotherapeutic management strategies for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in adults. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2010 Nov 19;3:201-12. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S8878. |
| 16025768 | Background | Massery M. Musculoskeletal and neuromuscular interventions: a physical approach to cystic fibrosis. J R Soc Med. 2005;98 Suppl 45(Suppl 45):55-66. |
| BG001 | Pulmonary Rehabilitation Group | Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT): ACBT involves three phases (Breathing control, chest expansion exercise, and huff coughing). These phases will apply with a sequence to remove secretion. ACBT will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Body Mass Index | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg/m^2 |
|
| OG001 | Pulmonary Rehabilitation Group | Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT): ACBT involves three phases (Breathing control, chest expansion exercise, and huff coughing). These phases will apply with a sequence to remove secretion. ACBT will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. |
|
|
| Primary | Exercise Tolerance | Modified Shuttle Test (MST) is used to measure the exercise tolerance. The patient is asked to walk until feeling tired between two fixed objects with a 10-meter interval, starting at normal walking speed and increasing the speed at the beginning of each minute. Maximum distance (meters) is measured for the test. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | meters | 6 weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | Exercise Tolerance | Modified Shuttle Test (MST) is used to measure the exercise tolerance. The patient is asked to walk until feeling tired between two fixed objects with a 10-meter interval, starting at normal walking speed and increasing the speed at the beginning of each minute. Maximum distance (meters) is measured for the test. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | meters | 3 months |
|
|
|
| Primary | Exercise Tolerance | Modified Shuttle Test (MST) is used to measure the exercise tolerance. The patient is asked to walk until feeling tired between two fixed objects with a 10-meter interval, starting at normal walking speed and increasing the speed at the beginning of each minute. Maximum distance (meters) is measured for the test. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | meters | 6 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Quality of Life | The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQR) is used to measure the quality of life. This scale is found to be valid and reliable in Turkish. The child version of this test consists 35 questions about physical function, emotional function, social function, body appearance, eating disorders, treatment difficulties, respiratory and digestive symptoms. The total score is calculated between 0-100 and higher scores define the better condition. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | units on a scale | Before treatment |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Quality of Life | The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQR) is used to measure the quality of life. This scale is found to be valid and reliable in Turkish. The child version of this test consists 35 questions about physical function, emotional function, social function, body appearance, eating disorders, treatment difficulties, respiratory and digestive symptoms. The total score is calculated between 0-100 and higher scores define the better condition. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | units on a scale | 6 weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Quality of Life | The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQR) is used to measure the quality of life. This scale is found to be valid and reliable in Turkish. The child version of this test consists 35 questions about physical function, emotional function, social function, body appearance, eating disorders, treatment difficulties, respiratory and digestive symptoms. The total score is calculated between 0-100 and higher scores define the better condition. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | units on a scale | 3 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Quality of Life | The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQR) is used to measure the quality of life. This scale is found to be valid and reliable in Turkish. The child version of this test consists 35 questions about physical function, emotional function, social function, body appearance, eating disorders, treatment difficulties, respiratory and digestive symptoms. The total score is calculated between 0-100 and higher scores define the better condition. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | units on a scale | 6 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Postural Stability | The Balance Master Device- Limits of Stability Test (LOS) is used for to measure the postural stability of children. The LOS consists a 18x60 inch of a pressure platform which connected to a computer system. The patient is asked to stand on the platform barefoot and watch the image which can be moved by trunk movement on the computer the monitor. It is required to move the image towards to target points on the monitor with commands. Reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion and direction control parameters are calculated during these trunk movements. Reaction time (seconds) parameter is preferred to use for this study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | seconds | Before treatment |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Postural Stability | The Balance Master Device- Limits of Stability Test (LOS) is used for to measure the postural stability of children. The LOS consists a 18x60 inch of a pressure platform which connected to a computer system. The patient is asked to stand on the platform barefoot and watch the image which can be moved by trunk movement on the computer the monitor. It is required to move the image towards to target points on the monitor with commands. Reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion and direction control parameters are calculated during these trunk movements. Reaction time (seconds) parameter is preferred to use for this study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | seconds | 6 weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Postural Stability | The Balance Master Device- Limits of Stability Test (LOS) is used for to measure the postural stability of children. The LOS consists a 18x60 inch of a pressure platform which connected to a computer system. The patient is asked to stand on the platform barefoot and watch the image which can be moved by trunk movement on the computer the monitor. It is required to move the image towards to target points on the monitor with commands. Reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion and direction control parameters are calculated during these trunk movements. Reaction time (seconds) parameter is preferred to use for this study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | seconds | 3 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Postural Stability | The Balance Master Device- Limits of Stability Test (LOS) is used for to measure the postural stability of children. The LOS consists a 18x60 inch of a pressure platform which connected to a computer system. The patient is asked to stand on the platform barefoot and watch the image which can be moved by trunk movement on the computer the monitor. It is required to move the image towards to target points on the monitor with commands. Reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion and direction control parameters are calculated during these trunk movements. Reaction time (seconds) parameter is preferred to use for this study. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | seconds | 6 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Pulmonary Function | Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | millilitres | Before treatment |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Pulmonary Function | Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | millilitres | 6 weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Pulmonary Function | Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | millilitres | 3 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Pulmonary Function | Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | millilitres | 6 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Spinal Deformity- The Cobb Angle (Researcher 1) | The Cobb angle was measured on anteroposterior scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the vertebra corpus where the curve begins and the end plate of the vertebra corpus which the curve ends. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degrees | Before treatment |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Spinal Deformity- The Cobb Angle (Researcher 2) | The Cobb angle was measured on anteroposterior scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the vertebra corpus where the curve begins and the end plate of the vertebra corpus which the curve ends. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degrees | Before treatment |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Spinal Deformity- The Cobb Angle (Researcher 1) | The Cobb angle was measured on anteroposterior scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the vertebra corpus where the curve begins and the end plate of the vertebra corpus which the curve ends. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degrees | 6 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Spinal Deformity- The Cobb Angle (Researcher 2) | The Cobb angle was measured on anteroposterior scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the vertebra corpus where the curve begins and the end plate of the vertebra corpus which the curve ends. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degrees | 6 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Spinal Deformity- The Modified Cobb Angle (Researcher 1) | The Modified Cobb angle was found on lateral scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the T4 vertebra corpus and the inferior end plate of the T12 vertebra corpus. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degrees | Before treatment |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Spinal Deformity- The Modified Cobb Angle (Researcher 2) | The Modified Cobb angle was found on lateral scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the T4 vertebra corpus and the inferior end plate of the T12 vertebra corpus. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degrees | Before treatment |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Spinal Deformity- The Modified Cobb Angle (Researcher 1) | The Modified Cobb angle was found on lateral scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the T4 vertebra corpus and the inferior end plate of the T12 vertebra corpus. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degrees | 6 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Spinal Deformity- The Modified Cobb Angle (Researcher 2) | The Modified Cobb angle was found on lateral scoliosis graphs by the angle between the superior end plate of the T4 vertebra corpus and the inferior end plate of the T12 vertebra corpus. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degrees | 6 months |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 10 |
| 0 |
| 10 |
| 0 |
| 10 |
| EG001 | Pulmonary Rehabilitation Group | Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) Active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT): ACBT involves three phases (Breathing control, chest expansion exercise, and huff coughing). These phases will apply with a sequence to remove secretion. ACBT will apply 1 per a week for 6 weeks. | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
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| D030342 |
| Genetic Diseases, Inborn |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D007232 | Infant, Newborn, Diseases |