Effects of Aerobic or Strength Training on Cardiovascular, Endothelial Response, and Blood Flow in Hypertensive Middle Ages Individuals: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
Effects of Aerobic or Strength Training on Cardiovascular, Endothelial Response, and Blood Flow in Hypertensive Middle Ages Individuals: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is characterized by elevated and sustained blood pressure levels, related to several risk factors. Modifying lifestyle to combat risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease is critical, as such factors are related alteration of endothelial vasodilator response leading to progressive loss of its protective function. However, endothelial dysfunction related to hypertension is not only related to the decrease in the bioavailability of endothelium relaxants, but also to the time of presence of hypertension, increased production of vessel contraction factors and oxidative stress related to the disease. In this way, physical training presents as a non-drug strategy capable of directly and indirectly influencing the pathophysiology of hypertension. In this way the objective of the present work will be to evaluate the acute and chronic effect of aerobic exercise and strength on blood pressure, blood markers of vasodilation and vascular endothelial vasoconstriction, as well as the repercussion on flow-mediated dilatation and oxidative stress markers, In middle-aged hypertensive individuals before and after 12 weeks of training. Study hypothesis: The expected results of the research are that the endothelial response of biochemical markers of vasodilation and vasoconstriction will change positively after aerobic and strength training and the responses will be similar when compared between groups. There will be an improvement in the antioxidant capacity in both groups and the magnitude of the hypotensive effect will be greater in the aerobic group when compared to control and strength.
Inclusion Criteria:
Study inclusion criteria consisted of the following: 1) Individuals should use antihypertensive medication; 2) 30-59 years of age.
Exclusion Criteria:
The following aspects were regarded as exclusion criteria: 1) body mass index (BMI) up to 40 kg/m2; 2) regular engagement in any type of physical exercise training in the past 6 months prior to inclusion in the study; 3) symptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease; 4) aortic insufficiency or stenosis more than stage I; 5) hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy; 6) congestive heart failure (>NYHA II); 7) uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia with hemodynamic relevance; 7) change of antihypertensive medication in the past 4 weeks prior to inclusion in the study; 8) indication of unstable coronary artery disease. 9) use of tobacco products.