The Protected Index (PI) corresponds to the percentage of the corneal surface that is not exposed to the atmosphere (i.e. fully covered by the tear film) over the full interblink period measured by the investigator using a Tear scope Plus in conjunction with a Topcon SL-D7 slit lamp biomicroscope and high-resolution digital video recording. Change from Baseline to T0 (immediately), T15, T30, T60, T120, T180, T240, T300, T360 mins after application was reported.

Exposed Area is defined as the percentage of the observed area not covered by the tear film at the time of the blink hence exposed to the atmosphere measured by the investigator using a Tear scope Plus in conjunction with a Topcon SL-D7 slit lamp biomicroscope and high-resolution digital video recording. Change from Baseline to T0 (immediately), T15, T30, T60, T120, T180, T240, T300, T360 mins after application was reported.

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

TrueTear™ device, intranasal (test) application, for approximately 3 minutes on Day 0 or Day 14.

Lipid layer thickness is defined as the average thickness of the lipid layer calculated from the thickness of the various pattern weighted by the relative coverage of each pattern measured by the investigator using the Tearscope Plus in conjunction with a Topcon SL-D7 slit lamp biomicroscope and high-resolution digital video recording. Change from Baseline to T0 (immediately), T15, T30, T60, T120, T180, T240, T300, T360 mins after application was reported. A negative change from Baseline (Pre-application) indicates improvement .

All participants who met the eligibility criteria, adhered to the protocol, and successfully completed the full study assessment were included in the per-protocol analysis.

Non-invasive break-up time is the time in seconds between eye opening and the appearance of the first visible break in the lipid layer of the pre-corneal tear film measured by the investigator using the Tearscope Plus in conjunction with a Topcon SL-D7 slit lamp biomicroscope and high-resolution digital video recording. Change from Baseline to T0 (immediately), T15, T30, T60, T120, T180, T240, T300, T360 mins after application was reported. A negative change from Baseline (Pre-application) indicates improvement.

All participants who met the eligibility criteria, adhered to the protocol, and successfully completed the full study assessment were included in the per-protocol analysis.

The Protected Index (PI) corresponds to the percentage of the corneal surface that is not exposed to the atmosphere (i.e. fully covered by the tear film) over the full interblink period measured by the investigator using a Tear scope Plus in conjunction with a Topcon SL-D7 slit lamp biomicroscope and high-resolution digital video recording. Change from Baseline to T0 (immediately), T15, T30, T60, T120, T180, T240, T300, T360 mins after application was reported.

All participants who met the eligibility criteria, adhered to the protocol, and successfully completed the full study assessment were included in the per-protocol analysis.

Exposed Area is defined as the percentage of the observed area not covered by the tear film at the time of the blink hence exposed to the atmosphere measured by the investigator using a Tear scope Plus in conjunction with a Topcon SL-D7 slit lamp biomicroscope and high-resolution digital video recording. Change from Baseline to T0 (immediately), T15, T30, T60, T120, T180, T240, T300, T360 mins after application was reported.

All participants who met the eligibility criteria, adhered to the protocol, and successfully completed the full study assessment were included in the per-protocol analysis.

TrueTear™ device, intranasal (test) application, for approximately 3 minutes on Day 0 or Day 14.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T30) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Eye-opening, T30: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T60) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Eye-opening, T60: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T120) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Eye-opening, T120: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T180) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Eye-opening, T180: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T240) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Eye-opening, T240: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T300) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Eye-opening, T300: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T360) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Eye-opening, T360: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T0) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Pre-blink, T0: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T15) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Pre-blink, T15: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T30) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Pre-blink, T30: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T60) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Pre-blink, T60: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T120) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Pre-blink, T120: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T180) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Pre-blink, T180: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T240) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Pre-blink, T240: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T300) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Pre-blink, T300: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T360) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

Pre-blink, T360: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T30) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T30: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T60) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T60: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T120) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T120: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T180) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T180: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T240) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T240: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T300) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T300: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T360) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T360: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T30) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T30: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T60) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T60: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T120) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T120: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T180) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T180: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T240) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T240: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T300) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T300: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T360) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T360: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T30) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T30: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T60) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T60: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T120) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T120: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T180) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T180: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T240) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T240: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T300) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T300: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.

The null hypothesis for the outcome measure is the difference in the change from the pre-application value at post-application time (T360) between the intranasal (test) and extranasal (control) applications are zero.

T360: P-value was calculated using 1-sided paired t-test.