This study is done to evaluate the effects of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for primary care patients that have mild to moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Half of the study participants will receive treatment as usual (TAU), and the other half will receive TAU plus MBCT. The investigators will be comparing changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety between the groups, and hypothesize that the TAU plus MBCT group will have significantly lower symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to TAU group post-intervention

Patients that show mild to moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety are common in the primary care setting. These patients are often treated with antidepressant or anxiolytic medication instead of cognitive therapy, which is the first choice of treatment according to clinical guidelines in Iceland. Although these patients are often referred to cognitive therapy, there are long waiting lists for group therapy and personal therapy is expensive. MBCT has been shown to have good effects on people with recurrent depression and on patients suffering from anxiety. Therefore, the investigators main objective is to assess whether MBCT is effective in the primary care setting for patients with mild symptoms of anxiety and depression and compare its effect to TAU.

Inclusion Criteria:

• PHQ-9 and GAD-7 score 5-14 points
• Age18 - 67
• No current/recent psychotherapy of any kind other than his/hers physicians therapy( can be taking antidepressants but not in CBT)
• No regular meditation or yoga practice
• Not mentally retarded
• Speaks and understands Icelandic
• No current substance dependence
• Not diagnosed with schizophrenic symptoms or bipolar disease that that currently requires treatment
• Not participating in another mental health study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Age: <18 and >67 years old.
2. Severe psychiatric symptoms requiring psychiatric care
3. Risk of suicide
4. Inability to participate in group sessions because of severe substance misuse;
5. Inability to speak and understand Icelandic
6. Pregnancy;
7. Current psychotherapy of any kind;
8. Participation in any other psychiatric intervention study;
9. Thyroid disease (if newly diagnosed by the doctor).
10. Score under 5 on both GAD7 and PHQ-9 and score over 14 on either GAD7 or PHQ-9.
11. One or more of the following ICD-10 psychiatric diagnoses:

F00-F09 Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders F10-F19 Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use F20-F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders F70-F79 Mental retardation

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There is a plan to make IPD and related data dictionaries available to other researchers when requested. We will be willing to share the below mentioned IPD.

The IPD and additional data will be shared at the time when the summary data are published or otherwise made available and will be available for 5 years after the end of the study.

The study protocol, SAP, ICF, CSR and analytic code can be available for relevant researches, working on similar studies or researchers who want to reproduce the protocol and set up of the study as well as for doing a meta-analysis on similar studies. This must be done in the timeframe mentioned above. The group working on this project (the PhD students consult group) will review the requests and make shared decision on that and as well as decide how it will be shared.

The investigator will contact all participants in both groups via email or telephone to ask them to answer questionnaires.The investigator will not have information about which group which participant is. Participants will be contacted and invited to answer a questionnaire before, after, 6 and 18 months after 8 weeks of TAU and TAU plus MBCT.