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This study evaluates different versions of a text messaging-based app for weight loss. This study will place participants to 1 of 32 experimental conditions that reflect different texting components and levels. Participants will be randomized to a condition. The investigators will recruit 448 adults into a 6-month weight loss program, with an additional follow-up 6-months after the intervention ends.
Standalone text messaging-based weight loss treatments are scalable and can achieve population reach. However, these interventions are also modular; they can be delivered independently to maximize cost-effectiveness or combined with other approaches (e.g. provider counseling) to maximize outcomes. This study is a 12-month experimental trial among 448 adults with obesity. All participants will receive a core 6-month weight loss texting intervention that includes tailored behavior change goals, interactive self-monitoring, automated feedback, and skills training. Participants will be randomly assigned to 1 of 32 different experimental conditions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
|
| Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
|
| Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
|
| Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
|
| Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self. |
|
| Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charge | Behavioral | Text messaging-based study to determine effect of different components on weight loss. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Average Weight Change | Mean change in weight in kg (6 months post-randomization- baseline weight) | baseline, 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Diet | To experimentally determine the effects of text messaging components and levels on change in dietary intake using The Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants - Shortened version (REAP-S). The range of score is 13 to 39, where a higher score indicates more healthy dietary intake. | baseline, 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gary G Bennett, PhD | Bishop-MacDermott Family Professor of Psychology, Global Health & Medicine | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke University | Durham | North Carolina | 27708 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21132416 | Background | Collins LM, Baker TB, Mermelstein RJ, Piper ME, Jorenby DE, Smith SS, Christiansen BA, Schlam TR, Cook JW, Fiore MC. The multiphase optimization strategy for engineering effective tobacco use interventions. Ann Behav Med. 2011 Apr;41(2):208-26. doi: 10.1007/s12160-010-9253-x. | |
| 25005661 | Background | Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity in the United States. JAMA. 2014 Jul;312(2):189-90. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.6228. No abstract available. |
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Those who were eligible and consented to be in the study, prior to randomization.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Experimental: Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
| FG001 | Experimental: Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
| FG002 | Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| FG003 | Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| FG004 | Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self. |
| FG005 | Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group. |
| FG006 | Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self |
| FG007 | Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group |
| FG008 | Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
| FG009 | Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
| FG010 | Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| FG011 | Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group. |
| FG012 | Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
| FG013 | Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group |
| FG014 | Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| FG015 | Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| FG016 | Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self. |
| FG017 | Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
| FG018 | Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self. |
| FG019 | Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| FG020 | Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
| FG021 | Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group. |
| FG022 | Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self. |
| FG023 | Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| FG024 | Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
| FG025 | Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
| FG026 | Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| FG027 | Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| FG028 | Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
| FG029 | Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group |
| FG030 | Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| FG031 | Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Not provided
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Experimental: Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
| BG001 | Experimental: Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Average Weight Change | Mean change in weight in kg (6 months post-randomization- baseline weight) | The primary outcome was 6-month change in weight (kg), measured at each in-person visit. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Weight in kg | baseline, 6 months |
|
1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Experimental: Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
Not provided
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) | Endocrine disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Gary G. Bennett (PI/Dean of Trinity College of Arts & Sciences) | Duke University | (919) 808-7821 | gary.bennett@duke.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP_ICF | Yes | Yes | Yes | Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan, and Informed Consent Form | Jan 21, 2021 | Jan 4, 2024 | Prot_SAP_ICF_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015431 | Weight Loss |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001836 | Body Weight Changes |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005249 | Fees and Charges |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004467 | Economics |
| D004472 | Health Care Economics and Organizations |
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The investigators will use a full factorial design to randomize participants to experimental conditions that reflect the texting intervention components: motivational messaging (self- vs expert-generated), texting frequency (daily vs weekly), reminders (one reminder v. multiple reminders), feedback type (summary score v. specific feedback) and comparison unit (to self v. to a group of people). The full factorial design is power efficient, logistically feasible (because we manipulate conditions using technology) and will allow the investigators to examine the most important main and interaction effects among components.
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| Experimental |
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group. |
|
| Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self |
|
| Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group |
|
| Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
|
| Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
|
| Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
|
| Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group. |
|
| Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
|
| Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group |
|
| Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
|
| Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG | Experimental | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
|
| Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self. |
|
| Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
|
| Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self. |
|
| Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
|
| Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
|
| Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group. |
|
| Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self. |
|
| Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
|
| Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
|
| Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
|
| Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
|
| Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
|
| Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
|
| Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group |
|
| Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
|
| Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG | Experimental | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group. |
|
| Average Change in Physical Activity |
To experimentally determine the effects of text messaging components and levels on change in weekly minutes of physical activity based on the WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire version 2 (GPAC 2). The range of scores is 0 minutes/week to 10,080 minutes/week (maximum number of minutes in a week). |
| baseline, 6 months |
| 22253363 | Background | Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA. 2012 Feb 1;307(5):491-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.39. Epub 2012 Jan 17. |
| 26098405 | Background | Yang L, Colditz GA. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 2007-2012. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Aug;175(8):1412-3. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.2405. No abstract available. |
| 21211165 | Background | Ogden CL, Lamb MM, Carroll MD, Flegal KM. Obesity and socioeconomic status in adults: United States, 2005-2008. NCHS Data Brief. 2010 Dec;(50):1-8. |
| 25704352 | Background | Rodriguez F, Ferdinand KC. Hypertension in minority populations: new guidelines and emerging concepts. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2015 Mar;22(2):145-53. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2014.08.004. |
| 23083085 | Background | Befort CA, Nazir N, Perri MG. Prevalence of obesity among adults from rural and urban areas of the United States: findings from NHANES (2005-2008). J Rural Health. 2012 Fall;28(4):392-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2012.00411.x. Epub 2012 May 31. |
| 24239920 | Background | Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, Ard JD, Comuzzie AG, Donato KA, Hu FB, Hubbard VS, Jakicic JM, Kushner RF, Loria CM, Millen BE, Nonas CA, Pi-Sunyer FX, Stevens J, Stevens VJ, Wadden TA, Wolfe BM, Yanovski SZ; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Obesity Society. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Jul 1;63(25 Pt B):2985-3023. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.004. Epub 2013 Nov 12. No abstract available. |
| 12503980 | Background | Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, Dietz WH, Vinicor F, Bales VS, Marks JS. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA. 2003 Jan 1;289(1):76-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.1.76. |
| 19680230 | Background | Finkelstein EA, Brown DS, Wrage LA, Allaire BT, Hoerger TJ. Individual and aggregate years-of-life-lost associated with overweight and obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Feb;18(2):333-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.253. Epub 2009 Aug 13. |
| 12517229 | Background | Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, Westfall AO, Allison DB. Years of life lost due to obesity. JAMA. 2003 Jan 8;289(2):187-93. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.2.187. |
| 24771654 | Background | Han X, Stevens J, Truesdale KP, Bradshaw PT, Kucharska-Newton A, Prizment AE, Platz EA, Joshu CE. Body mass index at early adulthood, subsequent weight change and cancer incidence and mortality. Int J Cancer. 2014 Dec 15;135(12):2900-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28930. Epub 2014 May 8. |
| 20059708 | Background | Osei-Assibey G, Kyrou I, Adi Y, Kumar S, Matyka K. Dietary and lifestyle interventions for weight management in adults from minority ethnic/non-White groups: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2010 Nov;11(11):769-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00695.x. |
| 19296777 | Background | Bennett GG, Glasgow RE. The delivery of public health interventions via the Internet: actualizing their potential. Annu Rev Public Health. 2009;30:273-92. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100235. |
| 25630361 | Background | Evans W, Nielsen PE, Szekely DR, Bihm JW, Murray EA, Snider J, Abroms LC. Dose-response effects of the text4baby mobile health program: randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2015 Jan 28;3(1):e12. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.3909. |
| 21672170 | Background | Jordan ET, Ray EM, Johnson P, Evans WD. Text4Baby: using text messaging to improve maternal and newborn health. Nurs Womens Health. 2011 Jun-Jul;15(3):206-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-486X.2011.01635.x. No abstract available. |
| 22944150 | Background | Shapiro JR, Koro T, Doran N, Thompson S, Sallis JF, Calfas K, Patrick K. Text4Diet: a randomized controlled study using text messaging for weight loss behaviors. Prev Med. 2012 Nov;55(5):412-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.08.011. Epub 2012 Aug 27. |
| 24246427 | Background | Steinberg DM, Levine EL, Askew S, Foley P, Bennett GG. Daily text messaging for weight control among racial and ethnic minority women: randomized controlled pilot study. J Med Internet Res. 2013 Nov 18;15(11):e244. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2844. |
| 33459600 | Derived | Bennett GG, Steinberg D, Bolton J, Gallis JA, Treadway C, Askew S, Kay MC, Pollak KI, Turner EL. Optimizing an Obesity Treatment Using the Multiphase Optimization Strategy Framework: Protocol for a Randomized Factorial Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2021 Jan 18;10(1):e19506. doi: 10.2196/19506. |
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
| BG002 | Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| BG003 | Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| BG004 | Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self. |
| BG005 | Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group. |
| BG006 | Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self |
| BG007 | Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group |
| BG008 | Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
| BG009 | Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
| BG010 | Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| BG011 | Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group. |
| BG012 | Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
| BG013 | Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group |
| BG014 | Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| BG015 | Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| BG016 | Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self. |
| BG017 | Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
| BG018 | Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self. |
| BG019 | Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| BG020 | Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
| BG021 | Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group. |
| BG022 | Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self. |
| BG023 | Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| BG024 | Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
| BG025 | Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
| BG026 | Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| BG027 | Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| BG028 | Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
| BG029 | Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group |
| BG030 | Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| BG031 | Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group. |
| BG032 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex/Gender, Customized | We asked participants to identify as male, male or Other (self described) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| BMI | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg/m^2 |
|
| Personal income | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG002 |
| Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS |
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| OG003 | Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| OG004 | Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self. |
| OG005 | Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group. |
| OG006 | Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self |
| OG007 | Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group |
| OG008 | Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
| OG009 | Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
| OG010 | Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| OG011 | Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group. |
| OG012 | Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
| OG013 | Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group |
| OG014 | Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| OG015 | Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| OG016 | Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self. |
| OG017 | Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
| OG018 | Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self. |
| OG019 | Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| OG020 | Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
| OG021 | Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group. |
| OG022 | Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self. |
| OG023 | Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| OG024 | Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self |
| OG025 | Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group |
| OG026 | Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| OG027 | Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group |
| OG028 | Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self |
| OG029 | Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group |
| OG030 | Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self |
| OG031 | Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group. |
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| Secondary | Change in Diet | To experimentally determine the effects of text messaging components and levels on change in dietary intake using The Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants - Shortened version (REAP-S). The range of score is 13 to 39, where a higher score indicates more healthy dietary intake. | Average change in REAP-S score (6-months - baseline). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline, 6 months |
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| Secondary | Average Change in Physical Activity | To experimentally determine the effects of text messaging components and levels on change in weekly minutes of physical activity based on the WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire version 2 (GPAC 2). The range of scores is 0 minutes/week to 10,080 minutes/week (maximum number of minutes in a week). | Average difference of GPAC 2 scores at 6 months as compared to baseline | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | minutes per week | baseline, 6 months |
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|
|
| 0 |
| 17 |
| 0 |
| 17 |
| 0 |
| 17 |
| EG001 | Experimental: Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| EG002 | Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| EG003 | Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| EG004 | Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self. | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| EG005 | Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group. | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| EG006 | Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| EG007 | Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| EG008 | Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 |
| EG009 | Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| EG010 | Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 |
| EG011 | Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group. | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| EG012 | Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| EG013 | Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| EG014 | Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 1 | 18 |
| EG015 | Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| EG016 | Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self. | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 |
| EG017 | Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| EG018 | Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self. | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| EG019 | Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| EG020 | Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 |
| EG021 | Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group. | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| EG022 | Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self. | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| EG023 | Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| EG024 | Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 |
| EG025 | Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| EG026 | Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| EG027 | Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| EG028 | Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| EG029 | Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| EG030 | Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self | 0 | 19 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 19 |
| EG031 | Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG | Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group. | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
Not provided
Not provided
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |