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Hemorrhagic shock is a pathologic state in which intravascular volume and oxygen delivery are impaired. During circulatory failure associated with hypovolemia and low cardiac output, redistribution of blood flow caused by increased vasoconstriction results in decreased perfusion of the skin.
Skin temperature and capillary refill time has been advocated as a measure of peripheral perfusion.
Perfusion index (PI) is a non-invasive numerical value of peripheral perfusion obtained from pulse oximetry, it is an indicator of the pulse strength at the sensor site. The PI's values range from 0.2% for very weak pulse to 20% for extremely strong pulse according to patient's physiological conditions and monitoring sites.
Large increases in lactate (i.e. > 5 mmol/L) usually only occur due to hypoperfusion or muscle activity such as exercise or seizures.
This study will investigate the role of nitroglycerine patch in improving the peripheral perfusion in poly traumatized patient with hemorrhagic shock for the first time.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| nitroglycerin | Other | nitroglycerin patch 5 mg applied to front of chest in each patient at time of admission once. |
|
| control group | Other | no drug given to the patients in control group |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitroglycerin patch 5mg | Drug | application of the nitroglycerin patch 5 mg to each patient in nitroglycerin group |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| increase of perfusion index PI measured by pulse oximeter | nitroglycerin increases the perfusion index in patients with hemorrhagic shock more than in control group without use of nitroglycerin | 48hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| medhat sayed, resident | Contact | 01095105568 | medhat_sayed_radwan@hotmail.com | |
| nedaa abdelhafez, resident | Contact | 01111083048 | medhat_sayed_radwan@hotmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hassan Kotb, professor | assuit university faculty of medicine | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assuit University Hospital | Suspended | Asyut | Egypt | |||
| Assuit University Hospital |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16221313 | Background | Kauvar DS, Wade CE. The epidemiology and modern management of traumatic hemorrhage: US and international perspectives. Crit Care. 2005;9 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):S1-9. doi: 10.1186/cc3779. Epub 2005 Oct 7. | |
| 6753542 | Background | Bond RF. A review of the skin and muscle hemodynamics during hemorrhagic hypotension and shock. Adv Shock Res. 1982;8:53-70. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012771 | Shock, Hemorrhagic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006470 | Hemorrhage |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012769 | Shock |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005996 | Nitroglycerin |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009574 | Nitro Compounds |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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To avoid significant hypotension during nitroglycerin administration, each patient was evaluated for adequate intravascularvolume as evidenced by repeated volume challenges(250 mL of crystalloid over 10 minutes) up to appoint at which central venous pressure raised by more than 2 mmHg.
When the systolic blood pressure reaches 90mmHg or more we can apply the nitroglycerin patch of 2.5 mg alongside with continuous resuscitation the dose can be doubled according to the change in the peripheral perfusion parameters. Time between administration of nitroglycerin patch and peak of its action will be calculated.
Nitroglycerin patch will be removed if the patient developed significant hypotension (mean arterial pressure of less than 50 mm Hg ) however its action may persist up to 45minutes after removal.
During the study, infusion rates of noradrenaline or other vasoactive drugs were not changed and no additional fluids were administered.
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| placebo | Other | no drug given to the control group |
|
| Recruiting |
| Asyut |
| Egypt |
| 2039096 | Background | Schriger DL, Baraff LJ. Capillary refill--is it a useful predictor of hypovolemic states? Ann Emerg Med. 1991 Jun;20(6):601-5. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)82375-3. |
| 15187057 | Background | Steiner MJ, DeWalt DA, Byerley JS. Is this child dehydrated? JAMA. 2004 Jun 9;291(22):2746-54. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.22.2746. |
| 23171699 | Background | Vincent JL, Ince C, Bakker J. Clinical review: Circulatory shock--an update: a tribute to Professor Max Harry Weil. Crit Care. 2012 Nov 20;16(6):239. doi: 10.1186/cc11510. |
| 12072670 | Background | Lima AP, Beelen P, Bakker J. Use of a peripheral perfusion index derived from the pulse oximetry signal as a noninvasive indicator of perfusion. Crit Care Med. 2002 Jun;30(6):1210-3. doi: 10.1097/00003246-200206000-00006. |
| 15131240 | Background | Gladden LB. Lactate metabolism: a new paradigm for the third millennium. J Physiol. 2004 Jul 1;558(Pt 1):5-30. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.058701. Epub 2004 May 6. |
| 14707556 | Background | Lopez A, Lorente JA, Steingrub J, Bakker J, McLuckie A, Willatts S, Brockway M, Anzueto A, Holzapfel L, Breen D, Silverman MS, Takala J, Donaldson J, Arneson C, Grove G, Grossman S, Grover R. Multiple-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 546C88: effect on survival in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2004 Jan;32(1):21-30. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000105581.01815.C6. |
| 10852744 | Background | Vincent JL, Zhang H, Szabo C, Preiser JC. Effects of nitric oxide in septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jun;161(6):1781-5. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9812004. |
| 14210369 | Background | LILLEHEI RC, LONGERBEAM JK, BLOCH JH, MANAX WG. THE NATURE OF IRREVERSIBLE SHOCK: EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. Ann Surg. 1964 Oct;160(4):682-710. doi: 10.1097/00000658-196410000-00012. No abstract available. |
| 20181046 | Background | Nguyen HB, Loomba M, Yang JJ, Jacobsen G, Shah K, Otero RM, Suarez A, Parekh H, Jaehne A, Rivers EP. Early lactate clearance is associated with biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, apoptosis, organ dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock. J Inflamm (Lond). 2010 Jan 28;7:6. doi: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-6. |
| Background | SpO2 Monitors with OXISMART® Advanced Signal Processing and Alarm Management Technology. Pulse Oximetry Note Number 9. Masimo signal extraction technology 2008. |
| Background | American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma: Advanced TraumaLife Support for Doctors: Instructor Course Manual. 8th ed. Chicago, Ill: AmericanCollege of Surgeons; 2008. |