Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Heart Failure

Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Heart Failure

Evaluating the additional value of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory factor (MIF) in cardiovascular diseases when assessed in clinical routine.

Inclusion Criteria:

All patients presenting with symptoms of heart failure to the West-German Heart and Vascular Center according to the definition of the ESC 2016.

• Patients fulfilling criteria for the diagnosis of HFrEF
• Patients fulfilling criteria for the diagnosis of HFpEF
• Patients fulfilling criteria for the diagnosis of HFmrEF
• Patients presenting with dyspnea according to the NYHA classification I-IV, elevated BNP/NT-proBNP levels and echocardiographic findings of heart failure.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age < 18 years
• Patients with symptoms of heart failure without fulfilling the criteria of the ESC guidelines 2016
• Denial to participate