Confocal Endomicroscopy for Permeability of Esophageal Wall in Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Confocal Endomicroscopy for Permeability of Esophageal Wall in Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Confocal Endomicroscopy for Permeability of Esophageal Wall in Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age > 18 years
2. Ability to give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnancy
2. Esophageal varices
3. Prior esophageal or gastric surgery
4. Active gastrointestinal bleeding
5. Evidence of esophageal malignancy
6. Inability to provide informed consent