The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of vedolizumab intravenous IV as induction and maintenance treatment in Chinese participants with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC).

The drug being tested in this study is called Vedolizumab. Vedolizumab will be administered as an intravenous (IV) infusion. This study will investigate the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab IV as induction and maintenance therapy in participants with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC).

The study will enroll approximately 302 moderately to severely active patients with ulcerative colitis.

The Induction Phase contained 2 cohorts of participants: Cohort 1 participants will be randomized 1:2 in a double-blinded manner to receive:

• Vedolizumab IV 300 mg
• Placebo IV

Cohort 2 participants will be treated with open-label vedolizumab. The second cohort was enrolled to ensure that the sample size of Induction Phase responders randomized into the Maintenance Study provided sufficient power for the Maintenance Study primary efficacy analysis.

Participants will receive induction therapy of Vedolizumab 300 mg or matching placebo, intravenous (IV) infusion at Weeks 0, 2, and 6. At Week 10, participants will be assessed for clinical response based on complete clinic Mayo score. Results of Week 10 clinical response will determine the treatment pathway in maintenance phase.

In the Maintenance Phase, participants who received vedolizumab in the induction phase and achieved clinical response at Week 10 will be randomized 1:1 in a double-blinded manner to receive vedolizumab IV 300 mg or placebo starting from Week 14 (i.e., Weeks 14, 22, 30, 38, 46, and 54).

This multi-center trial will be conducted in China. The overall time to participate in this study is 60 weeks. Participants will make multiple visits to the clinic, and will be contacted by telephone, 6 months after last dose of investigational product (IP) for a long term follow-up safety survey.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Has a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) established at least 3 months prior to Screening by clinical and endoscopic evidence corroborated by a histopathology report. Cases of UC established at least 6 months before randomization for which a histopathology report is not available will be considered based on the weight of evidence supporting the diagnosis and excluding other potential diagnoses and must be discussed with the sponsor on a case-by case basis before randomization.
2. Has moderately to severely active UC as determined by a complete Mayo score of 6-12 with an endoscopic subscore ≥2 within 10 days prior to the first dose of IP. The endoscopy can be performed during the Screening Phase (Day -10 to Day -5 to allow for central reading prior to first dose at Week 0).
3. Has evidence of UC extending proximal to the rectum (≥15 cm of involved colon).
4. Participants with extensive colitis or pancolitis of >8 years duration or left-sided colitis >12 years duration must have documented evidence that a surveillance colonoscopy was performed within 12 months of the initial Screening Visit (may be performed during screening).
5. Participants with a family history of colorectal cancer, personal history of increased colorectal cancer risk, age >50 years, or other known risk factors must be up-to-date on colorectal cancer surveillance (may be performed during screening).
6. Has demonstrated an inadequate response to, loss of response to, or intolerance of at least 1 of the following agents: corticosteroids, immunomodulators, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antagonists.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has evidence of abdominal abscess or toxic megacolon at the initial Screening Visit.
2. Has had extensive colonic resection, subtotal or total colectomy.
3. Has an existing ileostomy, colostomy, or known fixed symptomatic stenosis of the intestine. A history of ileostomy or colostomy that has been reversed may be acceptable.
4. Has had any previous exposure to approved or investigational anti-integrins (for example, natalizumab, efalizumab, etrolizumab, or AMG-181) or mucosal address in cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) antagonist, or rituximab.
5. Has used a topical (rectal) treatment with 5-acetyl salicylic acid (5-ASA) or corticosteroid enemas/suppositories or traditional Chinese medications for treatment of UC within 2 weeks of the administration of the first dose of IP.
6. Currently requires or is anticipated to require surgical intervention for UC during the study.
7. Has a history or evidence of adenomatous colonic polyps that have not been removed or has a history or evidence of colonic mucosal dysplasia including low or high-grade dysplasia, as well as indeterminate for dysplasia.
8. Has a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of Crohn's enterocolitis, indeterminate colitis, ischemic colitis, radiation colitis, diverticular disease associated with colitis, or microscopic colitis.
9. Has evidence of or has had treatment for C. difficile infection or other intestinal pathogen within 28 days prior to randomization.
10. Has chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
11. Has active or latent TB.
12. Has any identified congenital or acquired immunodeficiency (for example, common variable immunodeficiency, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection, organ transplantation).
13. Has any history of malignancy, except for the following: (a) adequately treated non-metastatic basal cell skin cancer; (b) squamous cell skin cancer that has been adequately treated and that has not recurred for at least 1 year prior to randomization; and (c) history of cervical carcinoma in situ that has been adequately treated and that has not recurred for at least 3 years prior to randomization. Subjects with remote history of malignancy (for example, >10 years since completion of curative therapy without recurrence) will be considered based on the nature of the malignancy and the therapy received and must be discussed with the sponsor on a case-by-case basis prior to randomization.
14. Has a history of any major neurological disorders, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, brain tumor, or neurodegenerative disease.
15. Has a positive progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) subjective symptom checklist at Screening or prior to the administration of the first dose of IP at Week 0.

Takeda provides access to the de-identified individual participant data (IPD) for eligible studies to aid qualified researchers in addressing legitimate scientific objectives (Takeda's data sharing commitment is available on https://clinicaltrials.takeda.com/takedas-commitment?commitment=5). These IPDs will be provided in a secure research environment following approval of a data sharing request, and under the terms of a data sharing agreement.

IPD from eligible studies will be shared with qualified researchers according to the criteria and process described on https://vivli.org/ourmember/takeda/. For approved requests, the researchers will be provided access to anonymized data (to respect patient privacy in line with applicable laws and regulations) and with information necessary to address the research objectives under the terms of a data sharing agreement.