Study discontinued due to low accrual.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a major health concern in the United States, particularly among people with liver cirrhosis. Out of every 100 patients with liver cancer, only 18 will survive 5 years or more. While locoregional therapies are utilized in an effort to combat this disease, the recurrence rate of HCC after these therapies are high.

Statins are widely used drugs that lower cholesterol levels. Some studies have suggested that statins lower risk of HCC recurrence, but this possibility has not been studied thoroughly in a clinical trial. This study will examine the effects of pravastatin, a type of statin, on time to HCC recurrence in patients with early stage HCC. It is possible that pravastatin in combination with locoregional therapies may delay or protect against HCC recurrence.

To date, there has been a scarcity of clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of adjuvant therapies in patients with early stage HCC, although it is widely considered an area of highly unmet need.

The objective of this randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase II trial is to examine the effects of pravastatin use versus placebo after 12 months of treatment on hepatocellular cancer (HCC) recurrence in 130 patients with liver cirrhosis, HCC meeting Milan Criteria or OPTN tumor downstaging criteria for tumor burden, and initial locoregional therapy (LRT) with adequate response.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18 years

• Confirmed diagnosis of liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A or B) assessed by the presence of clinical signs, symptoms, body imaging, or liver biopsy

• Diagnosis of HCC falling within one of the following criteria prior to LRT. Criteria fulfillment will be confirmed by the Imaging Charter and MedQIA.

  1. One lesion ≤ 5 cm or two to three lesions, each ≤ 3 cm.
  2. One lesion > 5 cm and ≤ 8 cm.
  3. Two or three lesions, of which at least one is > 3 cm and all are ≤ 5 cm each. The sum of all diameters must be ≤ 8 cm.
  4. Four or five lesions, each < 3 cm. The sum of all diameters must be ≤ 8 cm.

• Initiation of LRT (according to clinical judgement) within 24 months prior to Screening Visit, with adequate response as determined by Imaging Charter and MedQIA.

• ECOG performance status ≤1 (Karnofsky ≥70%; see Appendix A)

• AST (SGOT) & ALT (SGPT) ≤5 × institutional ULN

• AFP < 400 ng/mL

• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document and medical release

• Agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation; for women who are able to become pregnant.

• Willing and able to comply with trial protocol and follow-up

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current use of statin medication or statin use within 12 months of Screening visit.
• Current systemic use of medications known to interact with statins and potentially increase toxicity, including (e.g., gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, clarithromycin, colchicine, niacin and fibrates).
• History of adverse effects, intolerance, or allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to pravastatin (i.e., other statin medications)
• Current use of any other investigational agents
• Women who are pregnant. Women who are able to become pregnant must have a confirmed negative pregnancy test prior to enrollment.
• Women who are breastfeeding. It is not known whether pravastatin is excreted into human milk; however, a small amount of another drug in this class does pass into breast milk. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with pravastatin, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with pravastatin.
• Prior liver transplant
• MELD score ≥30.
• History of chronic myopathy
• Active malignancy within the past 5 years (excluding HCC, basal/squamous cell skin cancer, or prostate cancer with a Gleason score 6 or less)
• Known HIV infection
• Hemophilia
• Concurrent illness which in the opinion of the investigators would compromise either the patient or the integrity of the data
• Concurrent excessive alcohol consumption (average alcohol consumption of more than 5 drinks per day)

0 participants enrolled in placebo group due to 1 total participant enrollment in pravastatin group.

Adverse events were collected over the 2-month* intervention period (one patient and early withdrawal at Visit 2) and within 90 days after the last administration of the study drug. *Scheduled intervention period for this study was 12 months with 6 study visits.

Regular investigator assessment, regular laboratory testing, self-reporting.

Accrual fell well below target. One subject was randomized to the study and withdrew prior to completion. Outcome measures were not analyzed due to insufficient accrual.

double-blind