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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| K01AG052646 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute on Aging (NIA) | NIH |
| Alzheimer's Association | OTHER |
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The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a culturally-appropriate intervention to reduce stress in Vietnamese dementia caregivers. A pilot intervention will be done to test the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention in a community setting. This will be done by randomly assigning a family triad (primary caregiver, secondary caregiver, and their care recipient) into an active intervention or a control condition and monitoring findings at baseline, post-intervention, and at three months.The intervention will consist of multiple components -enhanced psycho-education that includes discussion of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and cultural impacts on beliefs about dementia and caregiving, management of problem behaviors, facilitation of support seeking, and mindful Tai Chi. A secondary caregiver who the primary caregiver identifies as providing him/her with the most support will be invited to join all components, but the intervention will be flexible depending on caregivers' needs/preferences. The care recipient is not required to join the sessions but will be able to if he/she or the family wishes. During the intervention, community partners will provide respite care for the care recipient.
Twenty-four (24) caregivers, the identified secondary caregiver, and a care recipient will be randomly assigned into the active intervention or a control condition: 16 triads in the intervention condition, 8 in the control.
For the primary caregivers: Primary caregivers will attend six weekly intervention sessions lasting 2 hours each. Based on previous Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) of a successful behavior change (i.e., smoking cessation) intervention in Vietnamese using only 2-3 sessions, six sessions were chosen as a middle ground. In the first 45 minutes, primary caregivers and a secondary caregiver (who the primary caregiver identifies) will participate in family psycho-education delivered by a Master's level trained, bilingual facilitator. Each group will consist of no more than four dyads (4 different groups totaling 16 dyads). The curriculum will be adapted based on what the Alzheimer's Association and REACH II have successfully used as well as what the University of California (UC) Davis Alzheimer's Disease Center (ADC) has implemented. The sessions will cover the following: a clinical model of dementia and helping family members come to a shared understanding of the nature and cause of dementia. The innovative component is a discussion of cultural values typical of individuals in Vietnamese and American cultures and how this can influence perceptions of dementia and caregiving strategies. This is important because it will help family members who disagree on the etiology of dementia and strategies for care to empathize with each other's perspective. Subsequent sessions will help caregivers learn skills and develop self-efficacy in dealing with patient symptoms, accessing resources (e.g., in-home support), and gaining family support in culturally-congruent ways. Facilitating the use of formal and informal support is a critical piece as Vietnamese caregivers may be looking for basic and concrete assistance rather than help in coping with caregiving.
The last part of the intervention is mindful Tai Chi that was chosen for several reasons. In a recent review and meta-analysis, Tai Chi showed beneficial effects on depression, anxiety, stress management, and self-efficacy. Second, Tai Chi is rooted in East Asian traditions and philosophies that promote balance and healing of the mind and body, thus addressing holistic beliefs Vietnamese have about wellness. An RCT of Tai Chi recently was successfully completed in Vietnam, demonstrating its growing acceptance in the Vietnamese population. The protocol will be adapted to meet caregivers' needs and highlight meditation that involves accepting stressful circumstances, thus capitalizing on emotion regulation strategies.
For the care recipients: Care recipients will receive the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) measure to assess their mental status at baseline. The purpose of the Quality of Life - Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) measure is to assess the caregiver intervention affects the care recipient's quality of life. The total time to complete these questionnaires is about 30 minutes per session.
Participants not randomized to the active intervention will receive educational materials/pamphlets on dementia and occasional phone-calls by research assistants to maintain contact, as is the standard of care in most caregiver intervention studies. Including a control condition will allow for mirroring of the actual larger trial as closely as possible, and also ascertain the feasibility of randomization.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active Intervention | Experimental | Six weekly intervention sessions (2 hours, each) that include enhanced psycho-education and discussion of AD and cultural impacts on beliefs about dementia and caregiving, management of problem behaviors, facilitation of support seeking, and mindful Tai Chi. |
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| Control | No Intervention | Participants will receive educational materials/pamphlets on dementia and occasional phone-calls by research assistants to maintain contact, as is the standard of care in most caregiver intervention studies. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enhanced psycho-education about dementia and caregiving | Behavioral | Enhanced psycho-education re dementia and caregiving helping family members come to shared understanding of the nature and cause of dementia. Discussion of cultural values in Vietnamese and American cultures and how this can influence perceptions of dementia and caregiving strategies will help family members who disagree on the etiology of dementia and strategies for care to empathize with each other's perspective. Other sessions will teach skills to develop self-efficacy in dealing with patient symptoms, to access resources (e.g., in-home support), and to gain family support in culturally-congruent ways. Mindful Tai Chi is rooted in East Asian traditions and philosophies that promote balance and healing of the mind and body, thus addressing holistic beliefs Vietnamese have about wellness. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Randomization | % of eligible dyads who agree to randomization | assessed once all 3-month follow-ups are complete |
| Retention | Retention in both arms of the study; Note: no formal assessment tool will be used - this will be assessed via number of participants retained | assessed once all 3-month follow-ups are complete |
| Caregiver Intervention Adherence | % of dyads engaging in the initial session, % completing at least 3 sessions, and % completing all sessions | assessed at end of study, once all 3-month follow-ups are complete |
| Treatment Fidelity | Extent to which the facilitator adheres to the intervention protocol, as measured by a self-report checklist, with a goal of 85% adherence to key elements | assessed once all 3-month follow-ups are complete |
| Administration of Study Measures | % of baseline, post-, and 3-month assessments completed (considering length of assessments and completeness of collected data | assessed at end of study, once all 3-month follow-ups are complete |
| Acceptability | Assessed through a questionnaire and interview assessing the perceptions of the intervention by primary and secondary caregivers, CBO staff/administrators, and interventionists. | 2 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) | This scale assesses knowledge about AD. The scale has 30 statements. Subjects are asked to rate each statement as True or False. | Baseline, 6-weeks (Post-intervention), 3 months post-intervention |
| Caregiver Self-Efficacy |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Oanh Meyer, PhD, MAS | University of California, Davis | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of California, Davis | Sacramento | California | 95817 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26617956 | Background | Meyer OL, Nguyen KH, Dao TN, Vu P, Arean P, Hinton L. The Sociocultural Context of Caregiving Experiences for Vietnamese Dementia Family Caregivers. Asian Am J Psychol. 2015 Sep;6(3):263-272. doi: 10.1037/aap0000024. Epub 2015 Jun 15. | |
| 18483443 | Background | Resnick B, Ory MG, Hora K, Rogers ME, Page P, Bolin JN, Lyle RM, Sipe C, Chodzko-Zajko W, Bazzarre TL. A proposal for a new screening paradigm and tool called Exercise Assessment and Screening for You (EASY). J Aging Phys Act. 2008 Apr;16(2):215-33. doi: 10.1123/japa.16.2.215. |
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IPD will not be shared with other researchers.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000544 | Alzheimer Disease |
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003704 | Dementia |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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Families will then be randomized (as a team) to either the active intervention or the control condition. Caregivers in the active intervention will then be scheduled for six weekly intervention sessions, lasting about 2 hours each. Following the completion of the sessions, primary caregivers will complete assessment measures (that they completed at baseline) immediately after the intervention (post) and at three months. This is expected to take one hour for each assessment. Primary caregivers assigned to the control condition will also complete these assessment measures around the same those in the active intervention complete them. These caregivers will also have the option of participating in the active intervention after the three-month follow up.
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Asks the caregiver about how confident in their ability to keep up their own activities and also respond to caregiving situations. The Scale includes 10 items, and asks caregivers to rate their confidence in handling situations on a scale from 1 to 10. |
| Baseline, 6-weeks (Post-intervention), 3 months post-intervention |
| Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale | This is a self-report depression scale that asks how many times during the past week a person has felt symptoms of depression. There are 20 items. | Baseline, 6-weeks (Post-intervention), 3 months post-intervention |
| Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) | This is a caregiver self-report measure that contains 22 items. Each item on the interview is a statement which the caregiver is asked to endorse using a 5-point scale. Response options range from 0 (Never) to 4 (Nearly Always). | Baseline, 6-weeks (Post-intervention), 3 months post-intervention |
| Quality of Life - Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) | The QOL-AD is a brief, 13-item measure designed specifically to obtain a rating of the patient's Quality of Life from both the patient and the caregiver. It was developed for individuals with dementia, based on patient, caregiver, and expert input, to maximize construct validity, and to ensure that the measure focuses on quality of life domains thought to be important in cognitively impaired older adults. It uses simple and straightforward language and responses & includes assessments of the individual's relationships with friends and family, concerns about finances, physical condition, mood, and an overall assessment of life quality. | Baseline, 6-weeks (Post-intervention), 3 months post-intervention |
| Perceived Stress Scale | This scale asks subjects about how often they have felt or thought about 10 items during the past month. | Baseline, 6-weeks (Post-intervention), 3 months post-intervention |
| 12218768 | Background | Callahan CM, Unverzagt FW, Hui SL, Perkins AJ, Hendrie HC. Six-item screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research. Med Care. 2002 Sep;40(9):771-81. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200209000-00007. |
| 2594878 | Background | Jorm AF, Jacomb PA. The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms. Psychol Med. 1989 Nov;19(4):1015-22. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700005742. |
| 19363018 | Background | Carpenter BD, Balsis S, Otilingam PG, Hanson PK, Gatz M. The Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale: development and psychometric properties. Gerontologist. 2009 Apr;49(2):236-47. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnp023. Epub 2009 Mar 25. |
| 12028884 | Background | Fortinsky RH, Kercher K, Burant CJ. Measurement and correlates of family caregiver self-efficacy for managing dementia. Aging Ment Health. 2002 May;6(2):153-60. doi: 10.1080/13607860220126763. |
| 16250744 | Background | Carver CS. You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 1997;4(1):92-100. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6. |
| 8628042 | Background | Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996 Mar;34(3):220-33. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003. |
| 11574710 | Background | Bedard M, Molloy DW, Squire L, Dubois S, Lever JA, O'Donnell M. The Zarit Burden Interview: a new short version and screening version. Gerontologist. 2001 Oct;41(5):652-7. doi: 10.1093/geront/41.5.652. |
| 12937330 | Background | Schulz R, Burgio L, Burns R, Eisdorfer C, Gallagher-Thompson D, Gitlin LN, Mahoney DF. Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH): overview, site-specific outcomes, and future directions. Gerontologist. 2003 Aug;43(4):514-20. doi: 10.1093/geront/43.4.514. No abstract available. |
| 12021425 | Background | Logsdon RG, Gibbons LE, McCurry SM, Teri L. Assessing quality of life in older adults with cognitive impairment. Psychosom Med. 2002 May-Jun;64(3):510-9. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200205000-00016. |
| 6668417 | Background | Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96. No abstract available. |
| 15446721 | Background | Phan T, Steel Z, Silove D. An ethnographically derived measure of anxiety, depression and somatization: the Phan Vietnamese Psychiatric Scale. Transcult Psychiatry. 2004 Jun;41(2):200-32. doi: 10.1177/1363461504043565. |
| D024801 |
| Tauopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |