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The aim of this study is to evaluate if a intervention with hippotherapy will improve spasticity for children ages 3-14 who have cerebral palsy. The hip aductors spasticity will be measured using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). The intervention will be performed in addition to traditional treatment.
The main aim of the present study is to determine the effects of hippotherapy on the hip aductors spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Furthermore, as a secondary objective is to evaluate the changes in Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) after intervention in children ages 3-14.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment group | Experimental | Children will receive hippotherapy by a licensed physical therapist. Before riding, stretching and warming exercises of the adductor muscles will be performed. Later, the patient will be seated astride with the therapist behind. In any case, the participant had no control of the horse. Therapist will be responsible for correctly positioning the subject on the horse, but no position changes or active intervention of the subject with the therapist will be made. This positioning consists on achieving the optimal body alignment with neutral pelvis. |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | Children will receive the conventional treatment, based on physiotherapy related techniques, such as neurodevelopmental treatment (twice a week). |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hippotherapy | Other | Children will receive the hippotherapy treatment, based on horse walking in a regular way led by an experienced leader. Sessions will be performed for 45 minutes once weekly for 12 consecutive weeks in an indoor riding area. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) | The aim of the scale is to assess muscle tone by the joint range of motion, manually evaluated, and clinically recording passive movements' resistance. Each participant will be examined lying supine on a couch in a relaxed position. The MAS scale is, undoubtedly, the most widely used measure for the quantification of muscular hypertonia. The trunk and the head will be maintained in a neutral position to avoid eliciting tonic neck reflexes, and the passive speed movements will be made in the course of one second. It will be performed in left and right hip, independently, 5 to 8 times to obtain a more reliable result. This modified version adds a 1+ scoring category, in order to register resistance in less than half of the range of motion. Thus, the scores range is from 0 to 4, with 6 choices. | 12 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy | Cadiz | 11009 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17057544 | Background | Casady RL, Nichols-Larsen DS. The effect of hippotherapy on ten children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2004 Fall;16(3):165-72. doi: 10.1097/01.PEP.0000136003.15233.0C. | |
| 9881805 | Background | McGibbon NH, Andrade CK, Widener G, Cintas HL. Effect of an equine-movement therapy program on gait, energy expenditure, and motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a pilot study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1998 Nov;40(11):754-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1998.tb12344.x. |
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Sep 11, 2023 | |
| Reset | Mar 20, 2024 |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 11, 2023 | Mar 20, 2024 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002547 | Cerebral Palsy |
| D009128 | Muscle Spasticity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001925 | Brain Damage, Chronic |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D056147 | Equine-Assisted Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D056447 | Animal Assisted Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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Radomized controlled trial with two groups: intervention group (hippotherapy + conventional treatment) and control group (conventional treatment).
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Single blind
| 22122355 | Background | Whalen CN, Case-Smith J. Therapeutic effects of horseback riding therapy on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2012 Aug;32(3):229-42. doi: 10.3109/01942638.2011.619251. Epub 2011 Nov 29. |
| 17209981 | Result | Sterba JA. Does horseback riding therapy or therapist-directed hippotherapy rehabilitate children with cerebral palsy? Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 Jan;49(1):68-73. doi: 10.1017/s0012162207000175.x. |
| 21729249 | Result | Zadnikar M, Kastrin A. Effects of hippotherapy and therapeutic horseback riding on postural control or balance in children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Aug;53(8):684-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03951.x. Epub 2011 Mar 24. |
| 21530725 | Result | Kwon JY, Chang HJ, Lee JY, Ha Y, Lee PK, Kim YH. Effects of hippotherapy on gait parameters in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 May;92(5):774-9. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.11.031. |
| 19480872 | Result | McGibbon NH, Benda W, Duncan BR, Silkwood-Sherer D. Immediate and long-term effects of hippotherapy on symmetry of adductor muscle activity and functional ability in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Jun;90(6):966-74. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.01.011. |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D009122 | Muscle Hypertonia |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |