Investigator-initiated physiological study to characterize the function of a major drug metabolizing enzyme using a microdosed phenotyping probe to avoid unwanted, concentration-dependent effects.

Disposition of a drug depends on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME). Quantifying the ADME capacity of a patient may help to individualize target exposure by choosing the corresponding dose required for this individual. The large group of drugs eliminated by members of the CYP3A isozyme subfamily accounts for about 50% of all marketed drugs. Co-medication can modulate CYP3A activity 400-fold either by inducing isozyme expression or inhibiting expressed enzyme. Therefore, due to the variability of CYP3A activity, dose requirements of CYP3A substrates vary considerably between individual patients and may even rapidly vary within a patient. There is clinical interest in using CYP3A activity as a biomarker to predict optimal CYP3A drug dosing, improve therapeutic efficacy, and minimize adverse drug effects.

Determination of CYP3A activity is usually done with oral midazolam doses of 2-7.5 mg (phenotyping). Because therapeutic doses have pharmacological effects and can cause sedation, especially if CYP3A is inhibited, a microdosing approach for CYP phenotyping was developed to avoid any pharmacological activity. Oral midazolam pharmacokinetics are linear over a 30,000-fold range and 300 ng doses can reliably predict drug interactions with strong CYP3A inhibitors like ketoconazole.

The primary objective of this trial is to determine CYP3A activity using microdosed midazolam delivered from an oral disintegrating formulation in comparison to an oral midazolam solution. The oral disintegrating formulation is an innovative application form that would facilitate administration of the phenotyping probe in special patient populations.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy male or female subjects, age of 18 to 50 years, body mass index (BMI) of 18.0 to 29.9 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any intake of a substance known to induce or inhibit drug metabolising enzymes or transport system enzymes within a period of less than 10 times the respective elimination half-life or 3 weeks (whatever is longer).
• Any participation in a clinical trial within the last four weeks before inclusion.
• History or clinical evidence of any disease or medical condition, which may interfere with the pharmacokinetics of midazolam or which may increase the risk for toxicity or adverse events.
• Allergies (except for mild forms of hay fever) or history of hypersensitivity reactions.