Inadequate patient enrollment

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib in combination with second-line FOLFOX or FOLFIRI for metastatic colorectal cancer in patients with disease progression during or after first-line therapy.

Angiogenesis is an important therapeutic target in metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Apatinib is a potent oral inhibitor of the intracellular domain and emerging as original antiangiogenic opportunities. We assessed the efficacy and safety of apatinib in combination with second-line FOLFOX or FOLFIRI for metastatic colorectal cancer in patients with disease progression during or after first-line therapy.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Histologically-confirmed inoperable colorectal adenocarcinoma excluding vermiform appendix cancer and anal canal cancer
2. Age ≥18 years at the time of informed consent
3. ECOG performance status (PS) of 0-1
4. Written informed consent prior to study-specific screening procedures
5. Life expectancy of at least 90 days
6. Withdrawal from first-line chemotherapy (regardless of containing molecular-targeted drugs) for metastatic colorectal cancer due to intolerable toxicity or progressive disease, or relapse within 180 days after the last dose of adjuvant chemotherapy
7. Adequate organ function according to following laboratory values obtained within 14 days before enrolment (excluding patients who received blood transfusions or hematopoietic growth factors within 14 days before the laboratory test) Neutrophil count: ≥1500/mm3 Platelet count: ≥10.0 x 104/mm3 Hemoglobin: ≥9.0 g/dL Total bilirubin: ≤1.5 mg/dL AST, ALT: ≤100 IU/L (≤200 IU/I if liver metastases present) Serum creatinine: ≤1.5 mg/dL
8. Measurable or nonmeasurable disease based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, Version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1)
9. Adequate coagulation function [International Normalized Ratio (INR) ≤1.5 and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) or activated PTT (aPTT) ≤1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)). Participants on full-dose anticoagulation must be on a stable dose of anticoagulant therapy and if on oral anticoagulation, must have an INR ≤3 and have no clinically significant active bleeding or pathological condition that carries a high risk of bleeding
10. Consent to provide a historical colorectal cancer tissue sample for assessment of biomarkers and the tumor tissue sample is available
11. Ability to provide signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of other malignancy with a disease-free interval <5 years (other than curatively treated cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, curatively treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix, and gastroenterological cancer confirmed to be cured by endoscopic mucosal resection)
2. With massive pleural effusion or ascites requiring intervention
3. Radiological evidence of brain tumor or brain metastases
4. Active infection including hepatitis
5. Any of the following complication: i) Gastrointestinal bleeding or gastrointestinal obstruction (including paralytic ileus) ii) Symptomatic heart disease (including unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and heart failure) iii) Interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary fibrosis iv) Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus v) Uncontrolled diarrhea (that interferes with daily activities despite adequate therapy)
6. Any of the following medical history: Myocardial infarction: History of one episode within one year before enrollment or two or more lifetime episodes i) Serious hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs ii) History of adverse reaction to fluoropyrimidines suggesting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency
7. Pregnant or lactating females, and males and females unwilling to use contraception
8. Psychiatric disability that would preclude study compliance
9. Otherwise determined by the investigator to be unsuitable for participation in the study
10. Concurrent gastrointestinal perforation or history of gastrointestinal perforation with 1 year before enrollment
11. History of pulmonary hemorrhage/hemoptysis ≥ Grade 2 (defined as bright red blood of at least 2.5mL) within 1 month prior to enrollment.
12. History of laparotomy, thoracotomy, or intestinal resection within 28 days before enrollment
13. Unhealed wound (except suture wounds from implantation of a central venous port), gastrointestinal ulcer, or traumatic fracture
14. Current or recent (within 1 year) thromboembolism or cerebrovascular disease
15. Currently receiving or requires anticoagulation therapy (> 325 mg/day of aspirin)
16. Bleeding diathesis, coagulopathy, or coagulation factor abnormality (INR ≥1.5 within 14 days before enrollment)
17. Uncontrolled hypertension
18. Urine dipstick for proteinuria >+2](streamdown:incomplete-link)