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The study aims to correlate Lean Body Mass (LBM) Evaluated by Musculoskeletal Ultrasound with Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) measured by Indirect Calorimetry and to generate a predictive equation of REE based on LBM, in addition to identifying other factors that may affect REE such as age, gender, and severity scores.
Caloric needs in critically-ill patients fluctuate significantly over the course of the disease which might expose patients to either malnutrition or overfeeding.Malnutrition is associated with deterioration of lean body mass (LBM), poor wound healing, increased risk of nosocomial infection, and weakened respiratory muscles. On the other hand overfeeding in medically compromised patients can promote lipogenesis, hyperglycemia, and exacerbation of respiratory failure. Many factors may affect the resting energy expenditure (REE) through manipulation of oxygen consumption (VO2). One of the strongest determinants of REE is the LBM.
A measurement of muscle mass and changes in muscle mass could thus provide an index of LBM in critically ill patients. At present, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are widely used as reference methods for evaluating LBM in vivo. However, these methods are impractical in critically ill patients. More practically, ultrasound scanning is a simple, portable, safe, and a low-patient burden technique. Several studies found that the use of ultrasound can be a good estimate to LBM.
Indirect calorimetry remains the accepted standard for determining the REE in the critically ill. Indirect calorimetry measures oxygen consumption(VO2) and carbon dioxide excretion (VCO2 ) (both in mL/min), which are used to calculate the respiratory quotient and the resting energy expenditure. Although, the measured LBM has been shown as an important determinant of REE, there was no previous study tested the relationship between estimated LBM by ultrasound-based muscle thickness measurement and REE.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study group | critically-ill patients who will be admitted to the surgical ICU for ventilatory support and will be expected to continue for more than one day US Muscle layer thickness (MLT) estimation will be used to estimate LBM and REE estimation by indirect calorimetry will be performed |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Muscle layer thickness (MLT) estimation | Diagnostic Test | Three measurements will be made at each of three sites; mid-upper arm, forearm and thigh anteriorly and the mean value will be calculated. Measurement sites will be marked with indelible ink to ensure day-to-day consistency.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| correlation between LBM derived from ultrasound MLT and REE by indirect calorimetry | The correlation of the LBM derived from ultrasound MLT to the REE measured within 24 hours of ICU admission with indirect calorimetry | 24 hours of ICU admission |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Predictive equation for REE based on US measurement of MLT | generation of predictive equation of REE based on ultrasound measurement of MLT | 24 hours of ICU admission |
| Estimation of the effect of severity scores on the REE |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- Patient requiring ventilatory support > 24 hours
Exclusion Criteria:
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critically-ill patients who will be admitted to the surgical ICU for ventilatory support and will be expected to continue more than one day
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of medicine, Cairo University teaching hospitals (Kasr Alainy) | Cairo | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14758147 | Background | Rubinson L, Diette GB, Song X, Brower RG, Krishnan JA. Low caloric intake is associated with nosocomial bloodstream infections in patients in the medical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2004 Feb;32(2):350-7. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000089641.06306.68. | |
| 6794409 | Background | Covelli HD, Black JW, Olsen MS, Beekman JF. Respiratory failure precipitated by high carbohydrate loads. Ann Intern Med. 1981 Nov;95(5):579-81. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-579. |
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| REE estimation by indirect calorimetry | Diagnostic Test | REE will be calculated using indirect calorimetry via metabolic module on General Electric ventilator (Engstrom Carestation and Carescape R860, GE Health care, USA) All indirect calorimetric measurements will be done using standardized technique. Gas calibration will be performed before each measurement, and the measurements will last for at least 30 minutes. Measurements will be taken with the patient lying supine and ventilator settings left unchanged for at least 60 minutes ahead of indirect calorimetry. The REE will be calculated during the first 24 hours of admission to ICU. |
|
Estimation of the effect of severity scores on the REE
| 24 hours of ICU admission |
| 19327188 | Background | Walker RN, Heuberger RA. Predictive equations for energy needs for the critically ill. Respir Care. 2009 Apr;54(4):509-21. |
| 11288413 | Background | Fung EB. Estimating energy expenditure in critically ill adults and children. AACN Clin Issues. 2000 Nov;11(4):480-97. doi: 10.1097/00044067-200011000-00002. |
| 7661114 | Background | Campbell IT, Watt T, Withers D, England R, Sukumar S, Keegan MA, Faragher B, Martin DF. Muscle thickness, measured with ultrasound, may be an indicator of lean tissue wasting in multiple organ failure in the presence of edema. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 Sep;62(3):533-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/62.3.533. |
| 16235068 | Background | Sanada K, Kearns CF, Midorikawa T, Abe T. Prediction and validation of total and regional skeletal muscle mass by ultrasound in Japanese adults. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Jan;96(1):24-31. doi: 10.1007/s00421-005-0061-0. Epub 2005 Oct 19. |
| 18025814 | Background | Pineau JC, Guihard-Costa AM, Bocquet M. Validation of ultrasound techniques applied to body fat measurement. A comparison between ultrasound techniques, air displacement plethysmography and bioelectrical impedance vs. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ann Nutr Metab. 2007;51(5):421-7. doi: 10.1159/000111161. Epub 2007 Nov 20. |
| 12799407 | Background | Ely EW, Truman B, Shintani A, Thomason JW, Wheeler AP, Gordon S, Francis J, Speroff T, Gautam S, Margolin R, Sessler CN, Dittus RS, Bernard GR. Monitoring sedation status over time in ICU patients: reliability and validity of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). JAMA. 2003 Jun 11;289(22):2983-91. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.22.2983. |
| 11697446 | Background | Muller MJ, Illner K, Bosy-Westphal A, Brinkmann G, Heller M. Regional lean body mass and resting energy expenditure in non-obese adults. Eur J Nutr. 2001 Jun;40(3):93-7. doi: 10.1007/s003940170008. |