This is a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, active comparator controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single injection of Cingal for the relief of joint pain in subjects with OA of the knee.

Cingal 16-02 is a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, active comparator controlled study designed to evaluate the relative contributions of the individual constituents (Hyaluronic Acid and Triamcinolone Hexacetonide) in the Cingal combination product to pain relief as measured by the change in WOMAC Pain from baseline through 26 weeks.

Inclusion Criteria:

Screening Inclusion Criteria

1. Subject is 40-75 years old, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≤ 40 kg/m2.

2. Subject has Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) severity grade I, II or III in the index knee as determined by X-ray. Contralateral knee: K-L severity grade 0, I or II.

3. Subject has had at least two signs and at least two symptoms of OA disease (based on the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for diagnosing knee OA) in the index knee for at least 6 months despite conservative treatment (weight reduction, physical therapy, pain medications, etc.). The EULAR signs and symptoms are as follows:

   • Signs: crepitus, restricted movement and bony enlargement
   • Symptoms: persistent knee pain, limited morning stiffness and reduced function

4. Subject must be willing to abstain from other IA treatments of the knee for the duration of the study.

5. Subject is willing to discontinue all analgesics including NSAIDs, except acetaminophen/paracetamol, at least seven days before the treatment injection and through the completion of the study.

6. Subject is willing to use only acetaminophen/paracetamol (up to a maximum of 4.0 grams per day per the package insert) for the treatment of joint pain for the duration of the study. At least forty eight hours prior to the Baseline Visit and each follow-up visit, the subject is willing to discontinue use of acetaminophen/paracetamol.

7. Subject is willing to maintain a stable dose of oral glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate products throughout the study, if taken prior to signing the informed consent form (ICF).

8. Subject is able to understand and comply with the requirements of the study and voluntarily provides consent.

Screening Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subject received an IA injection of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) and/or steroid in either knee within 6 months of signing the informed consent form (ICF). A subject will be excluded if they are planning to receive an HA or steroid injection (other than the study injection) in either knee during the course of this study.
2. Subject had an arthroscopy of either knee within 3 months of signing the ICF.
3. Subject had an open surgical procedure of either knee or hip or any surgery of the spine within 12 months of signing ICF. Subject plans to have knee, hip or spine surgery within the study period.
4. Subject has intra-articular trauma to the index knee. Subject has concurrent multi-system or multi-limb trauma.
5. Subject has evidence or medical history of the following diseases in the index knee: septic arthritis; inflammatory joint disease; history of Reiter's syndrome; gout; chondrocalcinosis associated with recurrent episodes of acute synovitis of the knee consistent with pseudogout; osteochondritis dissecans, Paget disease of the bone; ochronosis; acromegaly; hemochromatosis; primary osteochondromatosis; known history of Wilson disease; heritable disorders or collagen gene mutations.
6. Subject has a history of cartilage repair surgery in the index knee within 3 years of signing the ICF.
7. Subject has a history of ACL repair, reconstruction or injury in the index knee within 3 years of signing the ICF.
8. Subject has X-ray findings of acute fractures, severe bone loss, avascular necrosis, severe bone or joint deformity in the index knee.
9. Subject has significant varus or valgus deformity greater than 10 degrees in either knee.
10. Subject has a clinically apparent tense effusion of the index knee.
11. Subject has knee instability in either knee per the Investigator's assessment.
12. Subject requires consistent use of an assistive device (e.g. wheelchair, walker, etc.) Occasional use of a cane is acceptable.
13. Subject has medical condition(s) which could affect study assessments or may adversely affect the safety and/or success of the study treatment. This includes but is not limited to the following: a. Peripheral neuropathy severe enough to interfere with evaluation of the subject, b. Vascular insufficiency severe enough to interfere with evaluation of the subject, c. Active fibromyalgia, d. Hemiparesis involving either lower extremity, e. Immunocompromised or immunosuppressive disorder or receiving medications to treat immunosuppressive disorders, f. Systemic bleeding disorder(s), g. Current malignancy or treatment within the last 5 years, except for non-melanoma skin cancer, h. Significant psychiatric disorder, i. Active drug and/or alcohol abuse within the past year, j. Uncontrolled diabetes with a screening HbA1c of >7%.
14. Subject is taking medications at the time the subjects signs the ICF which could interfere with the treatment procedure, healing and/or assessments. This includes but is not limited to oral or injectable anticoagulant treatments, anti-aggregant platelet treatment, chronic opioid analgesics. Low dose aspirin used for cardiovascular protection is allowed if a stable regimen is maintained for the duration of the study.
15. Subject is receiving treatment using electromagnetic stimulation and/or low intensity ultrasound in the index knee at the time of signing the ICF, within 3 months of signing the ICF or plans to receive treatment any time during the study period.
16. Subjects who had an oral, intramuscular, intravenous, rectal suppository or topical (excluded in index knee only) corticosteroid within 30 days of signing the ICF are excluded. Topical corticosteroid use at any site other than the index knee is allowed.
17. Subject has a pre-treatment contraindication to IA injections or aspiration of the index knee, including cutaneous infection in the injection site area, active IA infection (as suggested by moderate or marked effusion), knee deformity or condition which, in the opinion of the Investigator could jeopardize the sterility or delivery of the IA injection.
18. Subjects with a history of hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the hyaluronan or previous hypersensitivity to the administration of corticosteroids or an inability to tolerate acetaminophen/paracetamol.
19. Subject has any contraindication to the receipt of a corticosteroid.
20. Subject is receiving or in litigation for worker's compensation.
21. Subject is a woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding at the Screening Visit or a woman of child bearing potential who refuses to use effective contraception during the course of the study.
22. Subject was involved in any other research study involving an investigational product, or a new application of an approved product, within 60 days of signing the ICF.

Baseline Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subject has a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain-sub-score ≥ 40 mm and ≤ 90 mm in the affected knee and ≤ 30 mm in the contralateral knee on a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scale.

Baseline Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subject has a decrease of ≥ 20 mm in the WOMAC pain-sub-score (average of 5 pain scales) from Screening to Baseline in the index knee on a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scale.
2. Subject has a synovial fluid aspirate volume > 20 mL in the index knee.
3. Subject has a contraindication to continue with the study treatment injection based on the visual appearance of the synovial fluid aspirate unless the fluid is examined microscopically prior to injection with no clinically significant findings (e.g. bacteria, crystals or blood).
4. Subject has range of motion of less than 100° flexion in either knee.

There is no plan to make individual participant data available to other researchers.

Study subjects and the Outcomes Assessor are blinded to the study treatment.