Attainment of peak healthy lung function during the 18-26 yr window is a strong determinant of the rate of lung function decline during the later years of life. The attainment of a healthy peak lung function is mediated by pre and peri natal exposures ( in utero environment and nutrition) and exposure to environmental toxicants and nutrition during childhood and early adulthood. Towards this Indian birth cohorts, having collected comprehensive data on maternal nutrition and anthropometry can provide invaluable insight into the factors affecting lung function growth and their effect sizes in the Indian population. Therefore, in this observational study, the Investigator will be collecting data on lung function, current nutritional and environmental exposures and linking it to pre and peri natal data of the same participants in order to understand lung function growth and the reasons for an early decline in the Indian population, using a life course approach.

Introduction:

Attainment of peak healthy lung function during the 18-26 yr window is a strong determinant of the rate of lung function decline during the later years of life. The attainment of a healthy peak lung function is mediated by pre and peri natal exposures ( in utero environment and nutrition) and exposure to environmental toxicants and nutrition during childhood and early adulthood. Towards this Indian birth cohorts, having collected comprehensive data on maternal nutrition and anthropometry can provide invaluable insight into the factors affecting lung function growth and their effect sizes in the Indian population. Therefore, in this observational study, the Investigator will be collecting data on lung function, current nutritional and environmental exposures and linking it to pre and peri natal data of the same participants in order to understand lung function growth and the reasons for an early decline in the Indian population, using a life course approach.

Sampling:

F1 generation of previously registered Indian Birth Cohorts, having collected comprehensive data on maternal exposures, nutrition and anthropometry.

Techniques Employed:

Spirometry , Forced OscillationTechnique, Anthropometry, Questionnaire, Biochemical analysis of nutritional, immunomodulatory and inflammatory biomarkers.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and Women
• 18-30 years
• Mothers registered in the birth cohort
• Able to perform IOS and Spirometry

Exclusion Criteria:

• Major systemic diseases like cardiac or renal problems
• Clinically significant anemia
• Bone deformity of chest or spine
• muscular weakness
• Otherwise unable to participate in spirometry

Both birth cohorts,will be instrumental in understanding the link between intergenerational nutrition, early life exposures metabolism and lung health, particularly in rapidly developing lungs. Subjects have already been enrolled in the cohort. Complete datasets of offspring, now aged around 18-30 years, are available through this study, starting from pre-natal environment.

Participant data sets and/or documents to be shared : Lung function data, biomarker data, retrospective maternal anthropometry data will be shared as a complete dataset, but with a participant ID which will be delinked from actual participant identity. The ID will only be linked to the participant in the event that an abnormality is detected and the participant may require intervention. Data will be shared via a common excel sheet available to all investigators.