Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is an immunologic response of the kidney to infection, characterized by the sudden appearance of edema, hematuria, proteinuria and hypertension . It is essentially a disease of childhood that accounts for approximately 90% of renal disorders in children. The disease occurs especially in children between the ages of 2 and 12 years and young adults, and more often in male than in female .

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis are caused by group A beta haemolytic streptococci and follow upper airway infections such as pharyngitis or tonsillitis, by 14 to 21 days and 3-6 weeks after skin infection especially in warmer climates .

In recent decades the number of patients with post streptococcal glomerulonephritis has decreased considerably in the United States and Europe industrialized countries. In other parts of the world ,some developing communities. the incidence of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis has remained high. post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is one of the leading cause requiring hospital admissions in children , and it is also an important cause of acute renal failure in developing countries. Though deaths due to this disease are rare, it can cause serious complications such as hypertensive emergency, congestive cardiac failure, renal failure, encephalopathy and retinopathy .

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis can also progress to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis which is defined as''a syndrome that progresses rapidly within a few weeks or months to renal failure and is accompanied by urinary findings of nephritis.'' The clinical concept of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis includes various renal diseases that cause renal function to deteriorate over a subacute course. Necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis is often observed in histopathological findings .

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in the presence of :

features of acute nephritic syndrome. evidence of recent streptococcal infection. lower serum complement three levels. Anti streptolysin o titre >200 units/ml was considered as evidence of recent streptococcal infection

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children in the age groups of 2-15 years. presenting with clinical manifestation of acute nephritic syndrome will be included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Children having history suggestive of chronic renal and cardiac disease in the past
• Children with congenital renal anomalies .
• Children with clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome .
• Children with clinical manifestation of acute nephritic syndrome due to other causes .

This study will be done on children attending at Assiut University Children Hospital with clinical manifestation of acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis during one year period .

In addition to meticulous history taking and thorough clinical examination , all the cases will be subjected to the following laboratory investigations :

Complete blood count on admission, urine analysis, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum albumin, serum cholesterol, urine spot protein creatinine ratio, antistreptolysin O , Erythrocyte sedimentation rate , C-reactive protein and serum complement C3 levels on admission and after 8 weeks.