Data from literature: transradial access failure sometimes occurs due to inability to cannulate the radial artery due to radial artery spasm1 causing severe difficulties in manipulation of the guide wires and catheters along the tortuous pathways of the arteries. both mechanical stimuli and circulating catecholamines through activation of α1-adrenoreceptors, causing smooth muscle cell contraction & radial artery spasm

Inclusion Criteria:

• Normal radial artery and of size ≥ 2mm by duplex.
• Normal ulnar artery by duplex.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pre-procedural duplex detection of radial artery anomalies as hypoplasia, tortousity, severe calcification or radial artery diameter < 2 mm.
• Severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min).
• Known peripheral vascular disease.
• Emergency procedures.
• Failure to successfully cannulate the radial artery was also a criterion for exclusion.
• Patients on warfarin therapy.