Parathyroid Hyperplasia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Correlation of Parathyroid Hyperplasia by Ultrasound With Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an important complication in patient with chronic kidney disease . It is associated with bone complication and an increase in cardiovascular mortality The parathyroid hormone rises in these patients as consequence of low concentration of vitamin D3 ,reduction in quantities of serum calcium, phosphorus retention and reduction of vitamin D receptors sensitive to calcium.

Inclusion Criteria:

• stage 5 chronic renal failure
• dialysis (peritoneal ,or hemodialysis) since 3---5 years

Exclusion Criteria:

• previous of neck surgery.
• Patients refusal to participate in the study or voluntary withdrawal