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In the Swedish organised cervical screening program precursors of cervical cancer are detected and treated. Most precursor lesions detected by screening heal spontaneously. Those who progress do it slowly. There are three levels from light; CIN1, moderate; CIN2 to severe; CIN3. Women with CIN3 are always treated, regardless of age, according to current clinical guidelines. Women with CIN2 who are below the age of 25 years are offered active expectance for up to two years because there is good evidence that they will spontaneously heal their lesions (regression) in 40-70% of the cases during that time.
Method of treatment is today an excisional procedure of the cervix most often by Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ/LEEP) Treatment increases the risk of premature birth in a future pregnancy. In 2015 about 1800 excisional procedures of the transformation zone of the cervix were performed in the Västra Götalands regionen (VGR) om Sweden. The average age of first-time mothers in Sweden is rising and in 2014 it was 29 years. Postponed childbearing raises the question whether it is possible to refrain from surgery even for the group of women over 25 years old, with proven CIN2. Existing studies suggest that cure of CIN2 in the age group of and above 25 takes place in the same extent as under 25 years of age.There is lack of evidence concerning clinical follow-up.
In a prospective multicenter clinical cohort study (observational study) with careful monitoring, the investigators will examine what proportion of CIN2 changes regress spontaneously within two years in women, 25-30 years old, and if human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 may can be a marker for poor regression in this group. Instead of LLETZ, active expectance is offered to women this age with CIN2 in five gynecological clinics in VGR. The study protocol includes gynecologist visits every 6 months for two years, including cytology, colposcopy and directed biopsies of the cervix. Power calculation shows 160 women needs to be included, which is expected to occur within one year from the start.
Available in Swedish
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study cohort | Experimental | Healthy women 25 - 30 years of age with CIN2 who consent to inclusion and with no former history of CIN (any grade). The "intervention" is expectancy with clinical visits every 6 months. Women will leave study cohort if found with total regression (no CIN) or CIN3 |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expectancy | Procedure | Clinical monitoring. See arm description |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of regress | Proportion of women with CIN2 at inclusion who will regress to CIN1 or no evidence of disease | 24 months from date of visit when CIN2 was diagnosed |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of regress for women with HPV16 | Proportion of women with CIN2 and HPV 16 at inclusion who will regress to CIN1 or no evidence of disease | Proportion of women with CIN2 at inclusion who will regress to CIN1 or no evidence of disease |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Strander | Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus | Borås | Sweden | ||||
| Kungshöjds gynekologmottagning |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23635684 | Background | Massad LS, Einstein MH, Huh WK, Katki HA, Kinney WK, Schiffman M, Solomon D, Wentzensen N, Lawson HW; 2012 ASCCP Consensus Guidelines Conference. 2012 updated consensus guidelines for the management of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Apr;121(4):829-846. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182883a34. | |
| 25352501 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
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| Gothenburg |
| 43350 |
| Sweden |
| Frölunda specialistsjukhus | Gothenburg | Sweden |
| Skaraborgs sjukhus, kvinnokliniken | Skövde | Sweden |
| Norra Älvsborgs sjukhus, kvinnokliniken | Trollhättan | Sweden |
| Kyrgiou M, Mitra A, Arbyn M, Stasinou SM, Martin-Hirsch P, Bennett P, Paraskevaidis E. Fertility and early pregnancy outcomes after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014 Oct 28;349:g6192. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g6192. |
| 25582099 | Result | Wilkinson TM, Sykes PH, Simcock B, Petrich S. Recurrence of high-grade cervical abnormalities following conservative management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jun;212(6):769.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.010. Epub 2015 Jan 9. |
| 8463044 | Result | Ostor AG. Natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a critical review. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1993 Apr;12(2):186-92. |
| 21193261 | Result | Discacciati MG, de Souza CA, d'Otavianno MG, Angelo-Andrade LA, Westin MC, Rabelo-Santos SH, Zeferino LC. Outcome of expectant management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 in women followed for 12 months. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011 Apr;155(2):204-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.12.002. Epub 2010 Dec 28. |
| 20651386 | Result | Guedes AC, Zeferino LC, Syrjanen KJ, Brenna SM. Short-term outcome of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2: considerations for management strategies and reproducibility of diagnosis. Anticancer Res. 2010 Jun;30(6):2319-23. |
| 21811178 | Result | Ho GY, Einstein MH, Romney SL, Kadish AS, Abadi M, Mikhail M, Basu J, Thysen B, Reimers L, Palan PR, Trim S, Soroudi N, Burk RD; Albert Einstein Cervix Dysplasia Clinical Consortium. Risk factors for persistent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1 and 2: managed by watchful waiting. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2011 Oct;15(4):268-75. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182216fef. |
| 19104355 | Result | Castle PE, Schiffman M, Wheeler CM, Solomon D. Evidence for frequent regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-grade 2. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Jan;113(1):18-25. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818f5008. |