A quasi-experimental study was conducted among patients receiving care at the medicine units of the Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital to determine the appropriateness of intravenous antibiotics at hospital discharge with and without ID consultation.

The pre-intervention period was started from November 1, 2015 to April 30, 2016 (6-month period), in which the intravenous antibiotics at hospital discharge were prescribed by the primary care team. The post-intervention period was started from May 1, 2016 to February 28, 2017 (10-month period), in which the intravenous antibiotics at hospital discharge were reviewed and intervened by ID team.

The appropriateness of intravenous antibiotics was assessed separately by the ID fellow and ID specialist. If disagreement occurred, the feedback to the ID fellow was performed and the decision by ID specialist was used in the final analysis of appropriateness.

In post-intervention period, ID fellow modified the intravenous antibiotics ordered by the primary team if those intravenous antibiotics were judged as inappropriate by ID fellow as follows: 1) discontinue intravenous antibiotics (treatment was complete), 2) switch to oral antibiotics, 3) change intravenous antibiotics to cover isolated pathogens, 4) adjust the dose of intravenous antibiotics, and 5) change the duration of intravenous antibiotics

Finally, ID specialist retrospectively assessed the appropriateness of intravenous antibiotics at hospital discharge managed by ID fellow in post-intervention period.

Inclusion Criteria:

All adult patients who met the following criteria were consecutively enrolled;

1. age≥ 15 years old and
2. had infections at any sites and received intravenous antibiotics.

Exclusion Criteria:

- They were evaluated by infectious diseases specialist for appropriate antibiotics during admission