Due to lack of funding

The purpose of this proof-of-concept controlled-feeding study is to evaluate the impact of plant-rich diets, with and without high-potassium fruits and vegetables, on phosphorus and potassium homeostasis in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Receiving thrice-weekly outpatient HD treatments for end-stage renal disease
• 3-month mean serum potassium and phosphorus concentrations of >4.5 mEq/L and >4.0 mg/dL, respectively
• No prior episodes of moderate-severe hyperkalemia (potassium ≥6.5 mEq/L) in the past 6 months
• Deemed appropriate for the intervention by the patient's nephrologist, considering the patient's prognosis, cognition and pending treatments (e.g., kidney transplant)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Change in medications that alter potassium homeostasis (e.g., RAAS inhibitors, diuretics, beta-blockers) in the last month
• Diagnosed with bowel diseases or syndromes (e.g., bowel obstruction, major GI surgery, short-bowel syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea)
• Anemic, defined as a serum hemoglobin concentration <9.0 g/dL
• Inadequate dialysis efficacy, defined as a Kt/V of <1.2
• Dietary restrictions (e.g., allergies) or otherwise unable/unwilling to adhere to study diets (excludes dietary restrictions on high-potassium foods)
• Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study