Previous work collectively suggests that rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA) is a promising candidate as a functional endpoint measure for evaluating interventions to slow early progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, there is no agreement among the clinical, research and regulatory communities as to what constitutes a clinically (practically) significant slowing in RMDA. Treatments for AMD are often not considered efficacious if they do not result in a criterion level of improvement in vision. But how much change in the rate of dark adaptation constitutes a clinically significant change? Until this issue is resolved, progress in developing clinical trials on early AMD are at a standstill since there is no functional endpoint to be used in the trial. One approach to establishing clinical significance is to examine how RMDA relates to the performance of an everyday visual task under low luminance conditions, such as night driving or reading. However, such data are not yet available. The purpose of this project is to examine the relationship between RMDA and night-time driving and reading under poor illumination. This information will guide the development of a definition of a clinically significant difference in RMDA that can be used in designing clinical trials on early AMD.

The specific aims of this study are as follows:

Aim 1: To examine the association between RMDA as assessed by the rod intercept time and self reported driving difficulty and experiences during night time driving.

Aim 2: To examine the association between RMDA as assessed by rod intercept time and reading performance as assessed by the MNREAD test administered under a low light level. Reading performance will be defined in terms of maximum reading speed, critical print size (i.e., the smallest print size that supports maximum reading speed), reading acuity (i.e., the smallest print size that can be just read) and the reading accessibility index (i.e., an individual's access to text over the range of print sizes found in everyday life).

Inclusion Criteria:

• age-related macular degeneration in one or both eyes, ability to follow simple instructions, licensed to drive a vehicle, can read and speak English

Exclusion Criteria:

• diabetes, retinal or optic nerve conditions other than age-related macular degeneration, neurological conditions that impair vision

Adults living in the community who have current driver's license who have age-related macular degeneration

Once study is completed and published in the peer review literature, we will arrange for a data sharing process with other researchers