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no recruitement possible for >12 months due to highly reduced surgical activity because of the COVID pandemic, all elective surgery was transferred to private hospitals for several months
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Following surgery, some but not all patients develop persistent (or chronic) postoperative pain CPSP. Several risk factors for this persistent pain have been confirmed in previous studies, but neither surgeons nor anesthesiologists have or take the time to systematically screen patients for this risk. However, hospital information systems often contain the data already, entered during preoperative consultations (e.g. chronic opioid medication) or obtained during the postoperative period (e.g. pain scores).
Here the investigators test an automatic detection algorithm which alerts the analgesia team when a patient at risk of CPSP is or has been operated.
The primary aim of the study is to confirm that the sensitivity of the automatic alert is at least 80%, i.e. that 80% of patients with the primary outcome had an automatic alert.
The secondary aim of the study is to develop an algorithm (combination of risk factors) with which the specificity of the alert can be improved.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| automatic risk detection | Diagnostic Test | automatic alert of the risk for CPSP, triggered by one of the following entries in the hospital information system: psychological risk factors (depression, anxiety, PTSD, catastrophizing, high pain anticipation), chronic use of benzodiazepines or opioids, intense postoperative pain or need of large opioid doses in the recovery room |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| CPSP at 6 months | mean pain intensity in the "brief pain inventory" of at least 3/10 | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| CPSP at 12 months | mean pain intensity in the "brief pain inventory" of at least 3/10 | 12 months |
| clinically significant pain at 6/12 months | either a pain intensity of >=3 at rest or >=5 on movement or use of analgesics |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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elective surgery
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ali Bourezg, MD | University Hospital, Geneva | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève | Geneva | Switzerland |
part of the data will be entered into the international Pain-Out database
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
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| 6/12 months |
| neuropathic pain at 6/12 months | mean pain intensity in the "brief pain inventory" of at least 3/10 AND a DN4 score of at least 4 | 6/12 months |
| acute postoperative pain | mean pain score and highest pain score in the first 24h postoperative on a 0-10 verbal numeric rating scale | 24h postoperative |
| pain-related functional deficit at 6/12 months | pain interference scales of the brief pain inventory, number of days not working | 6/12 months |
| persistent opioid use | patient reported use of tramadol (yes/no) or use of strong opioids (yes/no) | 6/12 months |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |