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Stuttering was defined as a common neurodevelopmental speech disorder characterized by repetitions, prolongations, and interruptions in the flow of speech. In other words, stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by involuntary disruptions to speech which impede the capacity to communicate effectively.
Physiological and emotional anxiety has been reported in persons who stutter. It has been reported that as high as 44% of clients seeking treatment for stuttering could be assigned a co-occurring social phobia or social anxiety diagnosis.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, social anxiety disorder is characterized by marked or intense fear of social or performance-based situations where scrutiny or evaluation by others may occur. Feared situations often include speaking in public, meeting new people, and talking with authority figures.
There are several reasons to expect that stuttering may be associated with social anxiety disorder. To begin with, stuttering is accompanied by numerous negative consequences across the lifespan which may increase vulnerability to social and psychological difficulties. These consequences are intensified during the school years when children become more involved in social and speaking situations. As a result, children and adolescents who stutter frequently experience peer victimization, social isolation and rejection, and they may also be less popular than their non-stuttering peers.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stutter | Active Comparator | Children who stuttering |
|
| Control | Active Comparator | Children who non stuttering |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttering severity instrument-3 | Diagnostic Test | To measure of degree of stuttering in child |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Stuttering severity index | Score of stuttering severity index a ranging from 1 to 40. It grades was divided into (very mild- mild- moderate- severe- very severe) | 30 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Child Behavior Checklist for age 4-18 | Questionnaire for detect presence of anxiety in children | 30 minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assiut University | Asyut | 70001 | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24929468 | Background | Iverach L, Rapee RM. Social anxiety disorder and stuttering: current status and future directions. J Fluency Disord. 2014 Jun;40:69-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.08.003. Epub 2013 Sep 2. | |
| 24929464 | Background | Smith KA, Iverach L, O'Brian S, Kefalianos E, Reilly S. Anxiety of children and adolescents who stutter: a review. J Fluency Disord. 2014 Jun;40:22-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Feb 9. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013342 | Stuttering |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013064 | Speech Disorders |
| D007806 | Language Disorders |
| D003147 | Communication Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
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| Child Behavior Checklist for age 4-18 |
| Diagnostic Test |
To measure of percent of anxiety in child by ask parents about his or her behaviour |
|
| 17126361 | Background | Blood GW, Blood IM, Maloney K, Meyer C, Qualls CD. Anxiety levels in adolescents who stutter. J Commun Disord. 2007 Nov-Dec;40(6):452-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.10.005. Epub 2006 Nov 28. |
| 24929463 | Background | Alm PA. Stuttering in relation to anxiety, temperament, and personality: review and analysis with focus on causality. J Fluency Disord. 2014 Jun;40:5-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.01.004. Epub 2014 Feb 8. |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |