We hypothesized that some difference in the composition and distribution of gut microbiota in people with a large number of defecation (two or three times a day or more), people with normal defecation (one time a day or two days), and people with a small number of defecation (two times a week or less).

And we investigate the association between gut microbiota and stool frequency.

We divided three groups. (total number = 60 subjects)

1. a large number of defecation group (≥ 2-3 times/day) - 20 subjects
2. normal defecation group (1 time/day or 1 time/2 days) - 20 subjects
3. a small number of defecation group (≤ 2 times/week) - 20 subjects

After collection of stools, we will analyze the composition and distribution of gut microbiota, and compared the results of three groups.

Inclusion Criteria:

• adults between the age of 20 and 50

Exclusion Criteria:

• subjects with cancer or IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)
• subjects with history of abdominal surgery
• subjects who take medication related to gastrointestinal motility within 3 months
• subjects who take antibiotics within 3 months

Healthy volunteers

We have no plan to share IPD to other researchers.