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Pancreatic cancer is the second most common gastrointestinal malignancy. Abdominal discomfort is a main symptom in patients with pancreatic cancer. Approximately 75% have pain at diagnosis and over 90% in advanced stages. Pain control is an important part of the plan of care for patients with pancreatic cancer.. The celiac plexus is a group of nerves that supply organs in the abdomen. EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis (EUS-CPN) has been widely used for pain management in patients with pancreatic cancer. Radiofrequency ablation of celiac ganglia or celiac plexus (EUS-RFA) is also being performed to alleviate abdominal pain in pancreatic cancer patients. However currently no comparative studies exist comparing EUS-CPN with EUS-RFA. The purpose of the study is to compare EUS-CPN with EUS-RFA for pain management in pancreatic patients, in order to determine which technique is better at improving pain in pancreatic cancer patients.
Pancreatic cancer is the second most common gastrointestinal malignancy and fourth leading cause of cancer mortality. The incidence in the US is estimated at 8.8 per 100,000 population with 30,000 new cases diagnosed annually. The prognosis of unresectable pancreatic cancer is poor; overall 1 and 5-year survivals do not exceed 20 and 4%, respectively. For the minority of patients (15%) who are resectable at diagnosis, the median survival is 10-20 months, with 5-year survival of 10-25%.
Abdominal discomfort is a predominant symptom in patients with pancreatic cancer. Approximately 75% have pain at diagnosis and over 90% in advanced stages. Therefore a major aspect of palliation is provision of adequate pain control. The standard approach to pain management is based on the World Health Organization (WHO) 3-step ladder, beginning with non-opioid analgesics (e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen), followed by weak opioids and then finally strong opioids as necessary. Virtually all patients require escalating doses of opioids during their disease. Adjuvant therapies, including other medications (e.g. trazodone, tricyclic anti-depressants, and bisphosphonates), palliative radionucleotides, external beam radiation, or chemotherapy may also be useful for symptomatic control.
In the last 10 years, EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis (EUS-CPN) has been widely practiced for alleviation of pain in patients with pancreatic cancer and has been shown to be effective. At our institution, radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA), which involves ablation of celiac ganglia or celiac plexus using a radiofrequency catheter, is being performed to alleviate abdominal pain in pancreatic cancer patients. However currently no comparative studies exist comparing EUS-CPN with EUS-RFA for pain alleviation in pancreatic cancer patients.
In this randomized trial, the investigators will be comparing EUS-CPN with EUS-RFA for pain alleviation in pancreatic patients, in order to determine which technique is better at improving pain in pancreatic cancer patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Celiac Plexus Neurolysis | Active Comparator | CPN will be undertaken at the celiac space which is located between the aorta and the celiac artery origin. A 22 or 19-gauge Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) needle is used, and its tip is placed slightly anterior and cephalic to the origin of the celiac artery. Aspiration is first performed using a syringe to ensure that vascular puncture has not occurred. 10 mL Bupivacaine is injected first, followed by 20 mL of 98% alcohol. |
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| Radiofrequency Ablation | Active Comparator | Once the celiac ganglia are identified on EUS, a 19-gauge FNA needle is inserted into the center of the ganglion or area of celiac plexus under EUS guidance. The radiofrequency (RF) probe (EMcision, Montreal, Canada) is advanced through the FNA needle. Radiofrequency ablation is performed via the probe for 90 seconds, followed by a 90 second rest and repeated as required. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celiac Plexus Neurolysis | Other | This intervention involves accessing the Celiac Plexus Nerve via endoscopic guided ultrasound and then injecting the nerve bundle with bupivacaine. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Subject assessment of abdominal pain | Abdominal pain will be assessed with pain scores from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Pancreatic Cancer module (QLQ-PAN26). The questionnaire has 26 questions with scoring ranging from a minimum of 26 to a maximum of 104. The higher the score, the worse the subject's quality of life rating. | Baseline to 4 week follow up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Subject assessment of Quality of Life. | Quality of life (QOL) as assessed by the quality of life instrument: the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy, Pancreatic Cancer (FACT-PA) (i.e. QLQ-30 and PAN-26) | Baseline; 2 week follow up; 4 week follow up |
| Narcotic Use |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shyam S Varadarajulu, MD | AdventHealth | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Center for Interventional Endoscopy - Florida Hospital | Orlando | Florida | 32803 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17100960 | Background | Yan BM, Myers RP. Neurolytic celiac plexus block for pain control in unresectable pancreatic cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Feb;102(2):430-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00967.x. Epub 2006 Nov 13. | |
| 15263038 | Background | Carr DB, Goudas LC, Balk EM, Bloch R, Ioannidis JP, Lau J. Evidence report on the treatment of pain in cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2004;(32):23-31. doi: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgh012. |
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There is no plan to share individual participant data (IPD).
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Subjects will randomized to either a group that receives Celiac Plexus Neurolysis or Radiofrequency Ablation.
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| Radiofrequency Ablation | Other | Radiofrequency ablation is performed via the probe for 90 seconds, followed by a 90 second rest. This is repeated until the entire ganglion becomes hyperechoic on EUS. |
|
Subjects will be asked about their medication usage to manage pain and the answers will be documented. |
| Initial visit; 2 week follow up; 4 week follow up |
| Crossover to alternate technique | Cross-over to the alternate technique due to inadequate response to the original technique (defined as < 50% decrease in VAS score post-original technique). | 48 hours post procedure; 2 week follow up; 4 week follow up |
| Adverse effects, and endoscopic adverse events | Information regarding complications if any, that the subject may have experienced, which can include hypotension, diarrhea, neuropathic pain, paraplegia and endoscopic adverse events | 48 hours post procedure; 2 week follow up; 4 week follow up |
| Survival rate | Information regarding if the subject is alive or deceased. | 2 week follow up; 4 week follow up |
| Pain per the VAS tool. | Abdominal pain will be assessed with a standardized 11-point continous visual analog pain scale (with "0" equaling no pain, "5" moderate pain and "10" worst pain ever. | Baseline; 48 hour post procedure; 2 week follow up; 4 week follow up |
| Background | World Health Organization. Cancer pain relief, 2nd Ed. Geneva: WHO, 2006 |
| 19179165 | Background | Penman ID, Rosch T; EUS 2008 Working Group. EUS 2008 Working Group document: evaluation of EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis/block (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2009 Feb;69(2 Suppl):S28-31. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.11.004. No abstract available. |
| 11522971 | Background | Gunaratnam NT, Sarma AV, Norton ID, Wiersema MJ. A prospective study of EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for pancreatic cancer pain. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001 Sep;54(3):316-24. doi: 10.1067/mge.2001.117515. |
| 3785962 | Background | Jensen MP, Karoly P, Braver S. The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain. 1986 Oct;27(1):117-126. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(86)90228-9. |
| 23138389 | Background | Kastler A, Aubry S, Sailley N, Michalakis D, Siliman G, Gory G, Lajoie JL, Kastler B. CT-guided stellate ganglion blockade vs. radiofrequency neurolysis in the management of refractory type I complex regional pain syndrome of the upper limb. Eur Radiol. 2013 May;23(5):1316-22. doi: 10.1007/s00330-012-2704-y. Epub 2012 Nov 9. |
| 8445433 | Background | Cella DF, Tulsky DS, Gray G, Sarafian B, Linn E, Bonomi A, Silberman M, Yellen SB, Winicour P, Brannon J, et al. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale: development and validation of the general measure. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Mar;11(3):570-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.3.570. |
| 27048974 | Background | Bang JY, Hasan MK, Sutton B, Holt BA, Navaneethan U, Hawes R, Varadarajulu S. Intraprocedural increase in heart rate during EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis: Clinically relevant or just a physiologic change? Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Nov;84(5):773-779.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.1496. Epub 2016 Apr 2. |
| 20189503 | Background | Cotton PB, Eisen GM, Aabakken L, Baron TH, Hutter MM, Jacobson BC, Mergener K, Nemcek A Jr, Petersen BT, Petrini JL, Pike IM, Rabeneck L, Romagnuolo J, Vargo JJ. A lexicon for endoscopic adverse events: report of an ASGE workshop. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Mar;71(3):446-54. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2009.10.027. No abstract available. |
| 30120957 | Derived | Bang JY, Sutton B, Hawes RH, Varadarajulu S. EUS-guided celiac ganglion radiofrequency ablation versus celiac plexus neurolysis for palliation of pain in pancreatic cancer: a randomized controlled trial (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2019 Jan;89(1):58-66.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2018.08.005. Epub 2018 Aug 16. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010190 | Pancreatic Neoplasms |
| C535836 | Pancreatic cancer, adult |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004067 | Digestive System Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D004701 | Endocrine Gland Neoplasms |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D010182 | Pancreatic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000078703 | Radiofrequency Ablation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000078702 | Radiofrequency Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D055011 | Ablation Techniques |
| D013514 | Surgical Procedures, Operative |
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