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The purpose of this study is to compare three different pain control methods on subjects who are scheduled to undergo VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) procedures. The study will compare their pain scores, narcotic needs, patient satisfaction scores, and narcotic side effects.
All patients will be consented on the morning of surgery. All the thoracic epidurals and ultrasound-guided paravertebral blocks will be placed preoperatively. The procedures will be done using sterile technique with masks, hats, and sterile gloves. All procedures will be placed under the supervision of the attending anesthesiologist on the acute pain service or the attending anesthesiologist in the operating room.
Thoracic epidurals will be placed using the Arrow thoracic epidural kit. The epidural will be placed at the appropriate level to cover the entry site for the VATS procedure. Placement will be determined by anatomical landmarks. The epidural needle will be advanced toward the epidural space utilizing a Paramedian approach and loss-of-resistance technique. A sterile catheter will then be secured in place and the epidural infusion will be started at the end of the case.
Ultrasound guided paravertebral catheter and single shot paravertebral block will be accomplished using an ultrasound transducer at the thoracic level. This will be done using an in-plane or out-of-plane approach, at the discretion of the anesthesia staff performing the procedure. Then a needle will be inserted the needle into the paravertebral space and local anesthetic injected. Then a catheter will be placed within the injectate and secured in place in the case of the paravertebral catheter. The 0.2% Ropivicaine will be delivered by OnQ pump.
General anesthesia will be induced and the patient will be placed in the lateral position for the VATS procedure. The patients will be intubated with dual lumen endotracheal tubes and placed on one-lung ventilation for the procedure.
All patients will receive intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA hydromorphone) post-operatively for breakthrough pain. They will also be scheduled on PO acetaminophen. PO oxycodone PRN will be started on POD 1 once patients tolerate diet.
Opioid usage at 1,24,48,72 hours after the block will be recorded by a member of the research team. Pain scores at rest and on movement (knee flexion) will be measured by the investigator using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Nausea will be measured using a categorical scoring system (none=0; mild=1; moderate=2; severe=3). Sedation scores will also be assessed by a member of the study team using a sedation scale (awake and alert=0; quietly awake=1; asleep but easily roused=2; deep sleep=3). All these parameters will be measured at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the epidural or PVB. Patients will be encouraged to ambulate on postoperative day 1 under supervision.
All catheters will be removed by APS (Acute Pain Service) while patients are still in the hospital. APS will continue to follow the patients until catheter removal. Patient's hospital length of stay and readmission rate will be recorded from NSQIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) data.
All patients will receive a phone call 6 months after surgery for assessment for chronic post-surgical pain. Patients will be assessed by a member of the research team over the phone. They will be assessed on their pain score and narcotic usage by using the Brief Pain Inventory. Study participation will conclude after the 6 month follow questionnaire has been completed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group #1 | Active Comparator | US Guided Single Shot Paravertebral Block |
|
| Group #2 | Active Comparator | US Guided Paravertebral Catheter |
|
| Group #3 | Active Comparator | Thoracic Epidural |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Guided Single Shot Paravertebral Block (0.2% ropivicaine infusion) | Drug | Single shot paravertebral block will be placed under ultrasound guidance at the thoracic region prior to surgery. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Primary Endpoint of This Study Will be VAS Pain Score at 24 Hours | The VAS score will be taken with both rest and movement (knee flexion) and will be measured by a study team investigator using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Using "units on a scale" of 1-10 for documentation with 10 being the worst pain and 0 being no pain | Pain scores will be measured 24 hours after surgery. |
| The Primary Endpoint of This Study Will be VAS Pain Score at 48 Hours | The VAS scores will be taken with both rest and movement (knee flexion) and will be measured by a study team investigator using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Using"units on a scale" scale of 1-10 for documentation with 10 being the worst pain and 0 being no pain | Pain scores will be measured 48 hours after surgery. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Secondary Endpoint Includes Total Intravenous Opioid Consumption at 72 Hours | Opioid consumption will be collected by a study team member post operatively up to 3 days per protocol time requirements | Opioid consumption will be measured at 1 hour post op, 24,48, and 72 hours post op. The total amount will be recorded. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Average Nausea Scores Over 72 Hours | Nausea scores will be collected by a study team member post operatively up to 3 days per protocol. Nausea will be recorded as 0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, or 3=severe | Nausea scores will be documented at 1 hour post op, 24,48,and 72 hours after the surgery.The scores will then be averaged. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yar Yeap, MD | Indiana University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indiana University Hospital | Indianapolis | Indiana | 46202 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24336691 | Background | Bottiger BA, Esper SA, Stafford-Smith M. Pain management strategies for thoracotomy and thoracic pain syndromes. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2014 Mar;18(1):45-56. doi: 10.1177/1089253213514484. Epub 2013 Dec 12. | |
| 19237975 | Background | Daly DJ, Myles PS. Update on the role of paravertebral blocks for thoracic surgery: are they worth it? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009 Feb;22(1):38-43. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32831a4074. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Group #1 | US Guided Single Shot Paravertebral Block US Guided Single Shot Paravertebral Block (0.2% ropivicaine infusion): Single shot paravertebral block will be placed under ultrasound guidance at the thoracic region prior to surgery. |
| FG001 | Group #2 |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 15, 2018 |
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Patients randomized to epidural, single shot paravertebral block, and paravertebral catheter
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|
| US Guided Paravertebral Catheter (0.2% ropivicaine bolus) | Drug | Paravertebral catheter will be placed under ultrasound guidance at the thoracic region prior to surgery. |
|
|
| Thoracic Epidural (0.125% bupivicaine/hydromorphone) | Drug | Epidural catheter will be placed in the thoracic region prior to surgery. |
|
| Average Sedation Scores Over 72 Hours |
Sedation scores will be documented by a study team member post operatively up to 3 days per protocol requirements. Determining if patient is 0=awake and alert, 1=quietly awake, 2=asleep and arousable, or 3=deep sleep. |
| Sedation scores will be documented at 1 hour post op, 24,48,and 72 hours after the sugery. The scores will then be averaged. |
| Subjects Overall Satisfaction Scores | Subjects will be followed up at 24 hours post operatively by a study team member to document patient overall satisfaction scores. Score was recorded as 0=dissatisfied, 1=satisfied, 2=very satisfied. | post operatively at hour 24 |
| Subjects Overall Satisfaction Scores | Subjects will be followed up at 48 hours post operatively by a study team member to document patient overall satisfaction scores. Scores will be recorded as 0=dissatisfied, 1=satisfied, 2=very satisfied. | post operatively at hour 48 |
| 23151421 | Background | Dango S, Harris S, Offner K, Hennings E, Priebe HJ, Buerkle H, Passlick B, Loop T. Combined paravertebral and intrathecal vs thoracic epidural analgesia for post-thoracotomy pain relief. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Mar;110(3):443-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes394. Epub 2012 Nov 14. |
| 16476698 | Background | Davies RG, Myles PS, Graham JM. A comparison of the analgesic efficacy and side-effects of paravertebral vs epidural blockade for thoracotomy--a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Apr;96(4):418-26. doi: 10.1093/bja/ael020. Epub 2006 Feb 13. |
| Background | El-Morsy, W. Z. (2013). Thoracic epidural analgesia versus parenteral morphine for post-thoracotomy pain relief. Ain-Shams Journal of Anaesthesiology, 6(2), 180. |
| 22914044 | Background | Fortier S, Hanna HA, Bernard A, Girard C. Comparison between systemic analgesia, continuous wound catheter analgesia and continuous thoracic paravertebral block: a randomised, controlled trial of postthoracotomy pain management. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2012 Nov;29(11):524-30. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328357e5a1. |
| 21316259 | Background | Fibla JJ, Molins L, Mier JM, Sierra A, Carranza D, Vidal G. The efficacy of paravertebral block using a catheter technique for postoperative analgesia in thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011 Oct;40(4):907-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.12.043. Epub 2011 Feb 11. |
| 21377888 | Background | Helms O, Mariano J, Hentz JG, Santelmo N, Falcoz PE, Massard G, Steib A. Intra-operative paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia in thoracotomy patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011 Oct;40(4):902-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2011.01.067. Epub 2011 Mar 5. |
| 22055006 | Background | Kaya FN, Turker G, Mogol EB, Bayraktar S. Thoracic paravertebral block for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: single injection versus multiple injections. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2012 Feb;26(1):90-4. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2011.09.008. Epub 2011 Nov 4. |
| 23445804 | Background | Komatsu T, Sowa T, Takahashi K, Fujinaga T. Paravertebral block as a promising analgesic modality for managing post-thoracotomy pain. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;20(2):113-6. doi: 10.5761/atcs.oa.12.01999. Epub 2013 Feb 28. |
| Background | Mackay, J. H., & Gray, S. J. (2013). Principles and Practice of Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 110(5), 857-858. |
| 10655907 | Background | Richardson J, Sabanathan S, Jones J, Shah RD, Cheema S, Mearns AJ. A prospective, randomized comparison of preoperative and continuous balanced epidural or paravertebral bupivacaine on post-thoracotomy pain, pulmonary function and stress responses. Br J Anaesth. 1999 Sep;83(3):387-92. doi: 10.1093/bja/83.3.387. |
| 23130723 | Background | Shelley B, Macfie A. Where now for thoracic paravertebral blockade? Anaesthesia. 2012 Dec;67(12):1317-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07310.x. No abstract available. |
| Background | Slater, B., & Frost, E. A. (2012). Pain Management After Thoracic Surgery.Topics in Pain Management, 28(3), 1-8. |
| 24447266 | Background | Yoshida T, Fujiwara T, Furutani K, Ohashi N, Baba H. Effects of ropivacaine concentration on the spread of sensory block produced by continuous thoracic paravertebral block: a prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blind study. Anaesthesia. 2014 Mar;69(3):231-9. doi: 10.1111/anae.12531. Epub 2014 Jan 21. |
| 17095972 | Background | Yoshioka M, Mori T, Kobayashi H, Iwatani K, Yoshimoto K, Terasaki H, Nomori H. The efficacy of epidural analgesia after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized control study. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Oct;12(5):313-8. |
| 32144059 | Result | Yeap YL, Wolfe JW, Backfish-White KM, Young JV, Stewart J, Ceppa DP, Moser EAS, Birdas TJ. Randomized Prospective Study Evaluating Single-Injection Paravertebral Block, Paravertebral Catheter, and Thoracic Epidural Catheter for Postoperative Regional Analgesia After Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020 Jul;34(7):1870-1876. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.01.036. Epub 2020 Jan 25. |
US Guided Paravertebral Catheter US Guided Paravertebral Catheter (0.2% ropivicaine bolus): Paravertebral catheter will be placed under ultrasound guidance at the thoracic region prior to surgery. |
| FG002 | Group #3 | Thoracic Epidural Thoracic Epidural (0.125% bupivicaine/hydromorphone): Epidural catheter will be placed in the thoracic region prior to surgery. |
| COMPLETED |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | US Guided Single Shot Paravertebral Block | group 1- US Guided Single Shot Paravertebral Block US Guided Single Shot Paravertebral Block (0.2% ropivicaine infusion): Single shot paravertebral block will be placed under ultrasound guidance at the thoracic region prior to surgery. |
| BG001 | US Guided Paravertebral Catheter | group 2- US Guided Paravertebral Catheter US Guided Paravertebral Catheter (0.2% ropivicaine bolus): Paravertebral catheter will be placed under ultrasound guidance at the thoracic region prior to surgery. |
| BG002 | Thoracic Epidural | group 3- Thoracic Epidural Thoracic Epidural (0.125% bupivicaine/hydromorphone): Epidural catheter will be placed in the thoracic region prior to surgery. |
| BG003 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| height | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | Centimeter |
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| weight | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | Kilogram |
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| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | The Primary Endpoint of This Study Will be VAS Pain Score at 24 Hours | The VAS score will be taken with both rest and movement (knee flexion) and will be measured by a study team investigator using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Using "units on a scale" of 1-10 for documentation with 10 being the worst pain and 0 being no pain | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | units on a scale | Pain scores will be measured 24 hours after surgery. |
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| Primary | The Primary Endpoint of This Study Will be VAS Pain Score at 48 Hours | The VAS scores will be taken with both rest and movement (knee flexion) and will be measured by a study team investigator using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Using"units on a scale" scale of 1-10 for documentation with 10 being the worst pain and 0 being no pain | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | units on a scale | Pain scores will be measured 48 hours after surgery. |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Secondary Endpoint Includes Total Intravenous Opioid Consumption at 72 Hours | Opioid consumption will be collected by a study team member post operatively up to 3 days per protocol time requirements | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | miligram morphine equivalent | Opioid consumption will be measured at 1 hour post op, 24,48, and 72 hours post op. The total amount will be recorded. |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Pre-specified | Average Nausea Scores Over 72 Hours | Nausea scores will be collected by a study team member post operatively up to 3 days per protocol. Nausea will be recorded as 0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, or 3=severe | Posted | Mean | Full Range | units on a scale | Nausea scores will be documented at 1 hour post op, 24,48,and 72 hours after the surgery.The scores will then be averaged. |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Pre-specified | Average Sedation Scores Over 72 Hours | Sedation scores will be documented by a study team member post operatively up to 3 days per protocol requirements. Determining if patient is 0=awake and alert, 1=quietly awake, 2=asleep and arousable, or 3=deep sleep. | Posted | Mean | Full Range | units on a scale | Sedation scores will be documented at 1 hour post op, 24,48,and 72 hours after the sugery. The scores will then be averaged. |
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| Other Pre-specified | Subjects Overall Satisfaction Scores | Subjects will be followed up at 24 hours post operatively by a study team member to document patient overall satisfaction scores. Score was recorded as 0=dissatisfied, 1=satisfied, 2=very satisfied. | Posted | Mean | Full Range | units on a scale | post operatively at hour 24 |
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| Other Pre-specified | Subjects Overall Satisfaction Scores | Subjects will be followed up at 48 hours post operatively by a study team member to document patient overall satisfaction scores. Scores will be recorded as 0=dissatisfied, 1=satisfied, 2=very satisfied. | Posted | Mean | Full Range | units on a scale | post operatively at hour 48 |
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Participants were followed for 6 months after surgery. Any adverse event from surgery day till 6 months after surgery are documented.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | US Guided Single Shot Paravertebral Block | group 1- US Guided Single Shot Paravertebral Block US Guided Single Shot Paravertebral Block (0.2% ropivicaine infusion): Single shot paravertebral block will be placed under ultrasound guidance at the thoracic region prior to surgery. | 0 | 40 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 40 |
| EG001 | US Guided Paravertebral Catheter | group 2- US Guided Paravertebral Catheter US Guided Paravertebral Catheter (0.2% ropivicaine bolus): Paravertebral catheter will be placed under ultrasound guidance at the thoracic region prior to surgery. | 0 | 40 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 40 |
| EG002 | Thoracic Epidural | group 3- Thoracic Epidural Thoracic Epidural (0.125% bupivicaine/hydromorphone): Epidural catheter will be placed in the thoracic region prior to surgery. | 0 | 40 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 40 |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Yar Luan Yeap | Indiana University Department of Anesthesiology | 3172740275 | yyeap@iupui.edu |
| Jan 6, 2021 |
| Prot_SAP_001.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| D059787 | Acute Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013662 | Tea |
| D004091 | Hydromorphone |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D028321 | Plant Preparations |
| D001688 | Biological Products |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |
| D001628 | Beverages |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
| D009022 | Morphine Derivatives |
| D009019 | Morphinans |
| D053610 | Opiate Alkaloids |
| D000470 | Alkaloids |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D006572 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring |
| D006576 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D010616 | Phenanthrenes |
| D011084 | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
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| Not Hispanic or Latino |
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| Unknown or Not Reported |
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| Asian |
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| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
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| Black or African American |
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| White |
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| More than one race |
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| Unknown or Not Reported |
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