The study aimed to compare the efficacy between nasogastric tube placement using Two-Finger Method and Reverse Sellick's Maneuver

Approval from Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia was acquired prior conducting the study. Subjects were given informed consent before enrolling the study and randomized into two groups (Two-Finger method group and Reverse Sellick's maneuver group). Intravenous (IV) cannula with isotonic fluid, non-invasive blood pressure monitor, and pulse-oxymetry were set on the subjects in the operation room. Vital signs were recorded. Midazolam 1-2 mg and Fentanyl 2 µg/kg body weight (BW) were given as premedication. Induction was performed using propofol 2-3 µg/kg BW. Rocuronium 0.5mg/kg BW was also given after induction. Two minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane and 6 liter per minute of oxygen were also given using face mask for 3 minutes until the drugs took effect. Patient were then intubated. Evaluation of airway was performed to exclude the subjects who experienced airway trauma. Estimating the length of nasogastric tube was performed by stretching the nasogastric tube from xyphoid process through nose to the back of the ear. The measured number in cm then added with 15 cm and marked with tape. Nasogastric tube and the selected nostril then covered in gel sufficiently. The Two-Finger method group was placed with nasogastric tube using two-finger method, before the procedure, the endotracheal tube cuff was deflated first. And then the nasogastric tube was inserted into the selected nostril perpendicularly using dominant hand. The non-dominant hand (index and middle finger) was inserted to the base of oropharynx until the nasogastric tube was felt , and the the nasogastric tube was fixated in the middle position and the base of pharynx, as nearest as possible from esophagus, while the dominant hand pushed the nasogastric tube until it reached the mark. The reverse Sellick's maneuver group's endotracheal tube was also deflated before the procedure. The nasogastric tube was inserted into the selected nostril perpendicularly using dominant hand and pushed gently until it reached the first resistance in nasopharynx. Reverse Sellick's maneuver was performed using non-dominant hand, done by grabbing thyroid cartilage upward and elevated the larynx anteriorly, while the dominant hand kept pushing the nasogastric tube gently until it reached the mark. Evaluation whether or not the nasogastric tube was properly placed was using the auscultation method in the epigastric region and inserting air through catheter tip. Time and complications occurred during procedure were recorded. And the nasogastric tube was fixated if it was successfully inserted.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients aged 18-60 years old, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I-III who were planned to undergo any elective surgery at operating room in general anesthesia and needed nasogastric tube placement
• subjects had been explained about the study, and agreed to enroll and have signed the informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects with possibility of difficult airway
• multiple fracture in the head
• craniofacial, airway, esophagus, and neck abnormality

Drop out Criteria:

• Subjects who experience airway trauma during intubation or allergic reaction due to drugs used