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Randomized single blind trial based on comparing the way the local anesthetic is dosificated during labour. The pain control is evaluated and compared with both dosage techniques (PCEA vs PIEB)using levobupivacaine and fentanyl. The primary objective is to see no differences in pain control(VAS, Visual Analog Scale). The secondary goals are the differences in motor block(Bromage Scale), satisfaction (Likert Scale), the outcome (eutocic, instrumental o cesarean section), second stage of labour time, newborn´s Apgar and pH and total dosis and secondary effects of local anesthetic.
There is a protocol where every healthy primiparous women have the chance to join the study after the explanation and the informed consent is signed. There are blind envelopes with the two kinds of treatment and the investigator only has to follow the protocol.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| PIEB (Patient Intermittent Epidural Bolus) | Active Comparator | PIEB: The boluses are programmed every 30 minutes. The patient can ask for another extra bolus in between if she wishes. The dosis per hour are equivalent to the PCEA. We make a comparison between PCEA vs PIEB. |
|
| PCEA (Patient continuous Epidural Analgesia) | Active Comparator | PCEA: There is a continuous infusion and the patient can order extra boluses every 15 minutes. The dosis per hour are equivalent to the other arm to the PIEB. We make a comparison between PCEA vs PIEB. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIEB: Patient Intermittent Epidural Boluses | Drug | Each patient were randomized to PIEB (7 ml bolus every 30 minutes, with extra boluses (PCEA) of 6 ml every 20 minutes) or PCEA (5 ml in continuous perfussion + PCEA of 5 ml every 15 minutes). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| VAS | Change from baseline in Visual Analog Scale | 4 times after epidural block: previous, 1 hour after, 2 hours after, 15 minutes after delivery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Satisfaction (Likert Scale) | 1 (very satisfied), 2 (satisfied), 3 (no comments), 4 (not very satisfied), 5 (not satisfied at all) | 1 hour after delivery |
| Bromage Scale | 15 minutes after Epidural Block and 1 hour after epidural block |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| M BELEN RODRIGUEZ-CAMPOO | Resident | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega | Valladolid | 47012 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23223119 | Result | George RB, Allen TK, Habib AS. Intermittent epidural bolus compared with continuous epidural infusions for labor analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2013 Jan;116(1):133-44. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182713b26. Epub 2012 Dec 7. | |
| 16492849 | Result | Wong CA, Ratliff JT, Sullivan JT, Scavone BM, Toledo P, McCarthy RJ. A randomized comparison of programmed intermittent epidural bolus with continuous epidural infusion for labor analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2006 Mar;102(3):904-9. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000197778.57615.1a. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000377 | Agnosia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| PCEA: Patient Controlled Epidural Analgesia | Drug | Each patient were randomized to PIEB (7 ml bolus every 30 minutes, with extra boluses (PCEA) of 6 ml every 20 minutes) or PCEA (5 ml in continuous perfussion + PCEA of 5 ml every 15 minutes). |
|
| Labour Outcome | Eutocic | Delivery |
| Labour Outcome | instrumental | Delivery |
| Labour Outcome | cesarean section | Delivery |
| Expulsive time | From 10 cm of dilatation until delivery |
| Apgar at birth | Apgar measured in 1 minute | 1 minute after birth |
| Apgar at birth | Apgar measured in 5 minutes | 5 minutes after birth |
| fetal pH at birth | 0 minutes after delivery | 0 minutes after delivery |
| Total Dosis of Levobupivacaine | miligrams | 0 minutes after delivery |
| 21788309 | Result | Capogna G, Camorcia M, Stirparo S, Farcomeni A. Programmed intermittent epidural bolus versus continuous epidural infusion for labor analgesia: the effects on maternal motor function and labor outcome. A randomized double-blind study in nulliparous women. Anesth Analg. 2011 Oct;113(4):826-31. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31822827b8. Epub 2011 Jul 25. |
| 15197122 | Result | Chua SM, Sia AT. Automated intermittent epidural boluses improve analgesia induced by intrathecal fentanyl during labour. Can J Anaesth. 2004 Jun-Jul;51(6):581-5. doi: 10.1007/BF03018402. |
| 27471390 | Result | Lin Y, Li Q, Liu J, Yang R, Liu J. Comparison of continuous epidural infusion and programmed intermittent epidural bolus in labor analgesia. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2016 Jul 14;12:1107-12. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S106021. eCollection 2016. |
| 19224805 | Result | Halpern SH, Carvalho B. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia for labor. Anesth Analg. 2009 Mar;108(3):921-8. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181951a7f. |
| 24659334 | Result | Gizzo S, Noventa M, Fagherazzi S, Lamparelli L, Ancona E, Di Gangi S, Saccardi C, D'Antona D, Nardelli GB. Update on best available options in obstetrics anaesthesia: perinatal outcomes, side effects and maternal satisfaction. Fifteen years systematic literature review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014 Jul;290(1):21-34. doi: 10.1007/s00404-014-3212-x. |
| 6384895 | Result | Melzack R. The myth of painless childbirth (the John J. Bonica lecture). Pain. 1984 Aug;19(4):321-337. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(84)90079-4. No abstract available. |
| 14995921 | Result | Hiltunen P, Raudaskoski T, Ebeling H, Moilanen I. Does pain relief during delivery decrease the risk of postnatal depression? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004 Mar;83(3):257-61. doi: 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2004.0302.x. |
| 22419342 | Result | Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T, Alfirevic Z, Gates S, Newburn M, Jordan S, Lavender T, Neilson JP. Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Mar 14;2012(3):CD009234. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2. |
| 22112332 | Result | Eriksen LM, Nohr EA, Kjaergaard H. Mode of delivery after epidural analgesia in a cohort of low-risk nulliparas. Birth. 2011 Dec;38(4):317-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-536X.2011.00486.x. Epub 2011 Sep 6. |
| 8942841 | Result | Lieberman E, Lang JM, Cohen A, D'Agostino R Jr, Datta S, Frigoletto FD Jr. Association of epidural analgesia with cesarean delivery in nulliparas. Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Dec;88(6):993-1000. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(96)00359-6. |
| 15659468 | Result | Patel RR, Peters TJ, Murphy DJ; ALSPAC Study Team. Prenatal risk factors for Caesarean section. Analyses of the ALSPAC cohort of 12,944 women in England. Int J Epidemiol. 2005 Apr;34(2):353-67. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyh401. Epub 2005 Jan 19. |
| 21621130 | Result | Hjermstad MJ, Fayers PM, Haugen DF, Caraceni A, Hanks GW, Loge JH, Fainsinger R, Aass N, Kaasa S; European Palliative Care Research Collaborative (EPCRC). Studies comparing Numerical Rating Scales, Verbal Rating Scales, and Visual Analogue Scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011 Jun;41(6):1073-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.08.016. |
| 30506299 | Derived | Rodriguez-Campoo MB, Curto A, Gonzalez M, Aldecoa C. Patient intermittent epidural boluses (PIEB) plus very low continuous epidural infusion (CEI) versus patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) plus continuous epidural infusion (CEI) in primiparous labour: a randomized trial. J Clin Monit Comput. 2019 Oct;33(5):879-885. doi: 10.1007/s10877-018-0229-x. Epub 2018 Nov 30. |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |