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The purpose of this study is to figure out the best way to help veterans do advance care planning. This study will examine the effects of two theory based behavior interventions by randomizing veteran into 4 groups to see which veterans will complete the 4 step process of advance care planning.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of two theory-based behavior interventions on engagement of Veterans in advance care planning (ACP) by means of the following specific aim:
Primary Aim: To conduct a randomized controlled trial examining the effects of: a) usual care; b) computer-tailored intervention (CTI); c) motivational enhancement therapy (MET); d) CTI + MET on the proportion of middle-age and older Veterans receiving primary care at the VA who complete the process of ACP, defined as completing a total of 4 key ACP behaviors, including selecting a health care proxy, communicating with the proxy about goals of care, communicating with the clinician about goals of care, and documenting proxy selection and goals.
Primary Hypothesis: The proportion of Veterans completing ACP will be higher among those in each of the intervention groups compared to Veterans receiving usual care.
All of 4 groups will receive their assessments and, if, their interventions, by telephone and/or mail. The veterans will from the VA Connecticut Healthcare System. Participants will be identified through a data query of the Regional Data Warehouse who have had a primary care visit in the past 12 months. We will then be able to oversample female and minority Veterans.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Computer-tailored intervention | Active Comparator |
| |
| Motivational Interviewing | Active Comparator |
| |
| Motivational Enhancement Therapy | Active Comparator |
| |
| Control Group | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computer-Tailored Intervention | Behavioral | CTI will receive telephone contact at three time points: baseline, two, and four months. Each contact consists of an integrated assessment and intervention feedback report, using an expert system. Participants are assessed for four different behaviors that together represent complete ACP engagement: communication with loved ones about views on quality of life versus quantity of life, communication with clinicians about views on quality of life versus quantity of life, assignment of a health care surrogate, and completion of a living will. The system takes the results of the assessment and results in an individualized feedback report. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Completion of 4 ACP behaviors | Having completed 4 ACP behaviors: living will, health care agent, communication with loved ones about quality versus quantity of life, having forms in medical record | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Movement on each of 4 ACP behaviors | Progression in readiness to change for each of the 4 ACP behaviors described above. | 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Veteran
---Must have seen primary care provider in the past 12 months
Primary language is English
Exclusion Criteria:
Severe hearing or vision loss
active psychiatric illness
No regular phone or permanent address
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lynne Iannone, MS | Contact | 203-932-5711 | 2403 | lynne.iannone@va.gov |
| Maria zenoni, MS | Contact | 203-932-5711 | 2711 | maria.zenoni@va.gov |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Terri Fried, MD | VAConnecticut Healthcare System | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VA Connecticut Healthcare System | Recruiting | West Haven | Connecticut | 06516 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36342678 | Derived | Fried TR, Yang M, Martino S, Iannone L, Zenoni M, Blakley L, O'Leary JR, Redding CA, Paiva AL. Effect of Computer-Tailored Print Feedback, Motivational Interviewing, and Motivational Enhancement Therapy on Engagement in Advance Care Planning: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2022 Dec 1;182(12):1298-1305. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.5074. | |
| 30099405 |
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Sep 21, 2022 | |
| Reset | Aug 11, 2023 | |
| Release | Nov 19, 2025 | |
| Reset | Dec 12, 2025 |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 21, 2022 | Aug 11, 2023 | |||
| Nov 19, 2025 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D062405 | Motivational Interviewing |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D037001 | Directive Counseling |
| D003376 | Counseling |
| D008605 | Mental Health Services |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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|
| Motivational Interviewing | Behavioral | MET will receive telephone contact at three time points: baseline, two, and four months. They will undergo the assessment as described above receive and they will receive a second a telephone contact within two weeks of the assessment, which will consist of an MET session. If the surrogate has been enrolled in the study, the MET will be conducted with both the Veteran and the surrogate in a dyadic telephone interview. The goal of the interview is to strengthen commitment to engage in ACP and promote self-efficacy. The interviewer will also help the Veteran to reflect on the pros and cons of ACP engagement as elicited in the assessment process, to understand how to build on ACP behaviors already engaged in, and, if appropriate, to help the Veteran create a change plan for further ACP engagement. |
|
| Motivational Enhancement Therapy | Behavioral | Participants assigned to CTI+MET will receive the CTI intervention at baseline, two months, and four months as described above. with a follow-up MET session as described above occurring within two weeks of each contact. |
|
| Fried TR, Redding CA, Martino S, Paiva A, Iannone L, Zenoni M, Blakley LA, Rossi JS, O'Leary J. Increasing engagement in advance care planning using a behaviour change model: study protocol for the STAMP randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2018 Aug 10;8(8):e025340. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025340. |
| Dec 12, 2025 |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |