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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Center for Wellness and Achievement in Education | UNKNOWN |
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This randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of the Transcendental Meditation program on emotional intelligence and perceived stress in supervisors and administrative staff in a public school system
The objective of this study was to determine whether a mind-body technique, known as the practice of Transcendental Meditation® (TM), could significantly increase emotional intelligence and decrease perceived stress in supervisors and administrative staff in a public school system. For this purpose, 96 participants from the administrative offices of the San Francisco Unified School District were randomly assigned to either immediate start of the TM program or to a delayed start wait-list control group. Subjects learning TM were instructed to meditate for 20 minutes twice a day for the four month duration of the project. All subjects were administered the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at baseline and posttest. If successful, these findings would suggest that TM could be used as a professional development program in organizations to increase emotional intelligence and decrease perceived stress, in turn enhancing leadership capacity and organizational effectiveness.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcendental Meditation | Experimental | The TM technique is a simple, natural, effortless technique that allows the mind to experience finer levels of the thinking process until the mind transcends and experiences the source of thought, a state of deep, integrated relaxation. During the meditation session, the active mind settles down to a silent yet fully awake state of awareness. TM was taught to study participants by certified instructors, using standardized procedures for teaching. |
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| Wait list control | No Intervention | This wait list group served as the control group. After the study was completed, the wait-list controls were given the option to learn the TM technique as their reward for participating as controls during the 4 month study. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcendental meditation | Behavioral | The TM technique was taught as a standard 7 step course over 4 consecutive days. Thereafter, subjects attended bimonthly group meetings for more advanced knowledge over the four month intervention period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) | The EQ-i is a self-report instrument that measures a range of non-cognitive capabilities, competencies, and skills that influence one's ability to succeed in coping with environmental demands and pressures. | Change from baseline EQ-i at four months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The PSS is a 14-item instrument that measures the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. | Change from baseline PSS at four months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Laurent D Valosek | Center for Wellness and Achievement in Education | Study Director |
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data may be available upon request from other researchers but at the discretion of the principal investigator
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073397 | Occupational Stress |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009784 | Occupational Diseases |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019122 | Meditation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026443 | Spiritual Therapies |
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randomized controlled trial
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data collectors and investigators were blind to treatment status of the subject
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| D012064 |
| Relaxation Therapy |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |