The purpose of the study is to measure the negative cognitive consequences of the ventilation under pathological or experimental cortical drive to breath.

Cognitive capacities are measured on healthy subject submitted to inspiratory threshold loading, patients treated by chronic mechanical ventilation due to suffering Ondine syndrome or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The spontaneous breathing is compared to NIV breathing or inspiratory threshold loading.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults and non-vulnerable adults
• Fluent in French

Exclusion Criteria:

For patients:

• Total ventilatory dependency
• Coexistence of an other respiratory disease
• Alcohol and /or psychotropic consumption during the last 24 hours
• One or more episodes of acute respiratory failure during the past 6 months
• Serious cognitive deficiency or presence of fronto temporal dementia
• End-stage disease
• No affiliation to social security

For healthy volunteers:

• Existing respiratory disease
• Alcohol and /or psychotropes consumption during the last 24 hours
• Tobacco smoking more than 2 pack-years
• Sleep deprivation
• Serious cognitive deficiency
• No affiliation to social security

Patients and healthy volunteers