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The importance of micronutrients has been extensively reviewed and it was concluded that for prevention and treatment of periodontitis daily nutrition should include sufficient antioxidants, vitamin D and calcium.
Up to now there is limited research available investigating the effect of vitamin C supplementation on the periodontal condition. Supplementation of vitamins and micronutrients has however raised numerous questions on clinical efficacy. Recently, a significant increase of medical literature on the effect of nutraceutical dietary aliments on general health has been noted.
the aim of the present study is twofold. The first objective is to investigate the effect of twice-daily kiwifruit consumption as sole treatment modality in untreated periodontitis, followed after two months by initial periodontal therapy supported by continued kiwifruit consumption. The second objective is to investigate the effect of twice daily kiwifruit consumption on periodontal and systemic parameters of these periodontitis patients 3 months after treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Test Group | Experimental | Subjects affected by periodontitis were examined and included in the study. After 2 months subjects also received non-surgical periodontal treatment and then followed for additional 3 months. Subjects in the test group were instructed to eat two kiwifruit per day during the whole study period. |
|
| Control Group | Active Comparator | Subjects affected by periodontitis were examined and included in the study. After 2 months subjects also received non-surgical periodontal treatment and then followed for additional 3 months. Subjects in the control group didi not receive any dietary advice. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kiwifruit addition to the diet | Dietary Supplement | Subjects were instructed to eat two kiwifruit per day during the whole study period. No recommendation on the type of kiwifruit, brand or origin was delivered. Kiwifruit was suggested to be taken as a whole and not mixed with sugar or other ingredients. No changes to their routinely dietary habits were suggested. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) | Changes of FMBS. Unit of measure % | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) | Changes in FMPS. Unit of measure % | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Pocket probing depth (PPD) | Changes in PPD. Unit of measure: mm |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Filippo Graziani | filippo.graziani@med.unipi.it | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29520772 | Derived | Graziani F, Discepoli N, Gennai S, Karapetsa D, Nisi M, Bianchi L, Rosema NAM, Van der Velden U. The effect of twice daily kiwifruit consumption on periodontal and systemic conditions before and after treatment: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2018 Mar;89(3):285-293. doi: 10.1002/JPER.17-0148. Epub 2018 Feb 27. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010518 | Periodontitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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Single-centre randomized, parallel design, clinical trial with a 5-month follow
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| Non Surgical periodontal treatment | Procedure | Non-surgical treatment of periodontal pockets with hand and ultrasonic instrumentation |
|
| Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Clinical attachment level (CAL) | Changes in CAL. Unit of measure: mm | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Recession of the gingival margin (REC) | Changes in REC. Unit of measure: mm | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Triglycerides | Changes in triglycerides. Unit of measure: mmol/L | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | Changes in LDL. Unit of measure: mmol/L | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| High-density lipoprotein (HDL) | Changes in HDL. Unit of measure: mmol/L | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Cholesterol | Changes in total cholesterol, Unit of measure: mmol/L | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Glycated Haemoglobin | Changes in Glycated haemoglobin. Unit of measure: mmol/mol | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Vitamin C | Changes in Vitamin C. Unit of measure: µg/L | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Systemic inflammation | Changes in C reactive protein (CRP). Unit of measure: mg/L | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) | Changes in SBP Unit of measure: mmHg | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) | Changes in DBP. Unit of measure: mmHg | Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment |