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This study is to answer the question is there any relationship between viral ( HSV 1 , HSV 2 , HPV 6/11, CMV, HHV 6 , HHV 8, BKV) or bacterial (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum) infection and occurrence of varicocele in men.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| microsurgery urology | Experimental | 20 patients with varicocele (grade II or III) undergoing subinguinal microsurgery varicocelectomy due to infertility and/or pain in the scrotum. |
|
| open general surgery | Active Comparator | 20 patients (without varicocele) undergoing open hernia repair. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy | Procedure | During the procedure approximately 1cm long fragment of varicose vein will be taken for further investigation. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Level of presence od viral or bacterial infection, level of expression of SHH and VEGF in varicose vein wall. . | Qualitative and quantitive analysis (presence and concentration - µl or U/µl in two different laboratory tests.) to detect genetic material (DNA, mRNA) of bacteria/viruses will be performed. The outcomes from both gropus will be compared. | one year after finishing recruitment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Piotr Dobroński, MD PhD | Chair and Department of Urology Warsaw Medical University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chair and Department of Urology Warsaw Medical University | Warsaw | 02-005 | Poland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19030866 | Background | Iafrate M, Galfano A, Macchi V, Ejituru E, Sarasin G, Porzionato A, Novara G, De Caro R, Artibani W, Ficarra V. Varicocele is associated with an increase of connective tissue of the pampiniform plexus vein wall. World J Urol. 2009 Jun;27(3):363-9. doi: 10.1007/s00345-008-0352-2. Epub 2008 Nov 22. | |
| 17475608 | Background |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014646 | Varicocele |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D001424 | Bacterial Infections |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005832 | Genital Diseases, Male |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
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| open hernia repair | Procedure | During the procedure approximately 1cm long fragment of spermatic cord vein will be taken for further investigation. |
|
| Lee JD, Jeng SY, Lee TH. Bcl-2 overexpression in the internal spermatic vein of patients with varicocele. J Formos Med Assoc. 2007 Apr;106(4):308-12. doi: 10.1016/S0929-6646(09)60257-6. |
| 26867642 | Background | Wang SH, Yang WK, Lee JD. Increased expression of the sonic hedgehog and vascular endothelial growth factor with co-localization in varicocele veins. Phlebology. 2017 Mar;32(2):115-119. doi: 10.1177/0268355515627717. Epub 2016 Jul 9. |
| 26588701 | Background | Petrovic I, Milivojevic M, Popovic J, Schwirtlich M, Rankovic B, Stevanovic M. SOX18 Is a Novel Target Gene of Hedgehog Signaling in Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 20;10(11):e0143591. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143591. eCollection 2015. |
| 25141859 | Background | Hwang J, Kang MH, Yoo YA, Quan YH, Kim HK, Oh SC, Choi YH. The effects of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway components on non-small-cell lung cancer progression and clinical outcome. World J Surg Oncol. 2014 Aug 21;12:268. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-268. |
| 25613906 | Background | Paulis L, Fauconnier J, Cazorla O, Thireau J, Soleti R, Vidal B, Ouille A, Bartholome M, Bideaux P, Roubille F, Le Guennec JY, Andriantsitohaina R, Martinez MC, Lacampagne A. Activation of Sonic hedgehog signaling in ventricular cardiomyocytes exerts cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion injuries. Sci Rep. 2015 Jan 23;5:7983. doi: 10.1038/srep07983. |
| 19593986 | Background | Ai QY, Tian H, Ma L, Miao NZ, Huo YW, Wang HX, Wang LR, Qiu SD, Zhang QY. [Experimental varicocele affects VEGF and Flt-1 protein expressions in the testis and epididymis of adolescent rats]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2009 Jun;15(6):488-92. Chinese. |
| 18701100 | Background | Tek M, Cayan S, Yilmaz N, Oguz I, Erdem E, Akbay E. The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on spermatogenesis and apoptosis in experimentally varicocele-induced adolescent rats. Fertil Steril. 2009 May;91(5 Suppl):2247-52. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.008. Epub 2008 Aug 12. |
| 15311067 | Background | Kilinc F, Kayaselcuk F, Aygun C, Guvel S, Egilmez T, Ozkardes H. Experimental varicocele induces hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis in the rat testis. J Urol. 2004 Sep;172(3):1188-91. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000135455.97627.15. |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D001423 | Bacterial Infections and Mycoses |