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The investigators previously characterized a phenotype with non-suppressed glucagon at 120 minutes after standardized oral glucose load. This phenotype is associated with healthy metabolic traits such as lower BMI, higher insulin sensitivity and lower liver fat content. Glucagon is a pleiotropic hormone that, besides its main action on increasing endogenous glucose production, also reduces appetite and increases basal energy expenditure. The aims of this study are to i. detect functional differences in the appetite-related central nervous system (CNS) areas between the suppressed and non-suppressed glucagon phenotype ii. mimick the non-suppressed glucagon phenotype in those participants who suppress glucagon by administering a very-low-dose glucagon infusion and retest them.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous glucagon | Active Comparator | Low-dose glucagon infusion (0.5 pmol/min/kg body weight) over 150 minutes during a standardized 75 g oral glucose tolerance test |
|
| Intravenous saline | Placebo Comparator | Saline infusion over 150 minutes during a standardized 75 g oral glucose tolerance test |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous glucagon | Drug | Randomized application of glucagon or saline during oral glucose tolerance test |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Brain activity | Resting-state brain activity assessed by fMRI | change from baseline to 120 minutes after oral glucose challenge |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hunger rating | On visual analogue scale | before and 150 minutes after oral glucose challenge and start of glucagon/saline infusion |
| Brain response to food cues | Assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Current
Chronic diseases:
Diabetes mellitus
Known liver diseases (hepatitisB/C, hemochromatosis, NASH)
Chronic inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) chronic renal insufficiency
Cancer (known malignant disease)
psychiatric diagnoses (bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, psychoses, depression, agoraphobia)
Persons with non-removable metal parts, e.g:
Persons with impaired sensitivity and / or increased sensitivity to heating of the body
Medical history of venous thromboembolism
alcohol consumption of more than 50g / day
In physical examination:
blood pressure > 160/100 mmHg pathologic cardiac murmurs (diastolic or systolic louder than 2/6)
in the blood test: fasting glucose ≥ 125 mg/dl or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% AST or ALT> 2.5x upper limit of the reference range (> 125 U/l) Hb <12 g/dl C reactive protein (CRP) > 5 mg / dL or leukocytes> 15000/μl
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University Hospital Tübingen | Tübingen | 72076 | Germany |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D024821 | Metabolic Syndrome |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
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| Intravenous saline | Drug | Randomized application of glucagon or saline during oral glucose tolerance test |
|
| before, 30 minutes and 120 minutes after oral glucose challenge and start of glucagon/saline infusion |
| Glucose tolerance | Assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test | 0-120 minutes |
| Insulin sensitivity | Assessed during 75 g oral glucose tolerance test | 0-120 minutes |
| Basal energy expenditure | Assessed by indirect calorimetry | 150 minutes after oral glucose challenge |
| Change in hormone levels | Change in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF-21) after oral glucose challenge and start of glucagon/saline infusion. | 0-150 minutes |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |