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To investigate the use of balance as a screening tool for Central Sensitization, a condition of the nervous system that is associated with the development and maintenance of chronic pain. This is done by comparing the scores of a gold standard screening tool (the Central Sensitization Inventory) with balance data.
First, subjects will be asked to answer a brief medical questionnaire pertaining their general health status: since some of the subjects will be self-assessed to be "healthy" (no medical examination will be conducted to determine if this is indeed the case), the questionnaire will be used to determine if there are any possible known causes of poor balance performance. The questionnaire will not constitute an inclusion/exclusion criterion, it just has a classification purpose.
Subjects will then be asked to fill in the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), scoring each of the 25 items on a scale from 0 (never) to 4 (always).
Then, subjects will stand for 2 minutes on a compliant surface (a 4" tall foam cushion of known mechanical properties) to "learn" how to stand on it. Afterward, they will undergo posturography testing using the extended modified Clinical Testing of Sensory Integration in Balance (ext_mCTSIB) protocol: the subjects will be required to stand on a hard or compliant surface in a comfortable posture, feet shoulder width, with eyes open or closed, arms to the side and free to move, gazing forward, and breathing normally, with head straight, turned right or left, flexed or extended.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | subjects suffering from chronic pain undergoing Posturography Evaluation and Central Sensitization Inventory |
| |
| Healthy | subjects self assessed to be in good health undergoing Posturography Evaluation and Central Sensitization Inventory |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Posturography Evaluation | Diagnostic Test | Posturography testing using the extended modified Clinical Testing of Sensory Integration in Balance (ext_mCTSIB) protocol: the subjects will be required to stand on a hard or compliant surface in a comfortable posture, feet shoulder width, with eyes open or closed, arms to the side and free to move, gazing forward, and breathing normally, with head straight, turned right or left, flexed or extended |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Stability Score | The Stability Score (calculated as percentage ratio of the actual sway and the theoretical limit of stability) will be used to investigate if there is any difference between healthy controls and subjects affected by chronic pain. Statistical tools such t-tests and correlation coefficients will be used for assess if there is a difference between the two groups | immediately after data collection |
| CSI | The sum of all the answers to the Central Sensitization Inventory will be used to investigate if there is any difference between healthy controls and subjects affected by chronic pain. Statistical tools such t-tests and correlation coefficients will be used for assess if there is a difference between the two groups | immediately after data collection |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| CSI-SS | Correlation between the Stability Score and the CSI result for each individual to determine if balance is an indicator of Central Nervous System Sensitization | immediately after data collection |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Adults, self assess to be in good health or diagnosed with Central Nervous System Sensitization
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Paul Noone, PhD | Caps Research Network | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Innova Brain Rehabilitation | Marietta | Georgia | 30062 | United States | ||
| Small Street Clinic |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059350 | Chronic Pain |
| D005356 | Fibromyalgia |
| D051298 | Post-Traumatic Headache |
| D043183 | Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
| D013705 | Temporomandibular Joint Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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|
|
| Central Sensitization Inventory | Other | Standard chronic pain questionnaire: the subjects will be required to score each of the 25 items on a scale from 0 (never) to 4 (always) |
|
| Hampton |
| Victoria |
| 3188 |
| Australia |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D051271 | Headache Disorders, Secondary |
| D020773 | Headache Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D003109 | Colonic Diseases, Functional |
| D003108 | Colonic Diseases |
| D007410 | Intestinal Diseases |
| D005767 | Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D017271 | Craniomandibular Disorders |
| D008336 | Mandibular Diseases |
| D007571 | Jaw Diseases |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |