Spinal Cord Injury Inclusion Criteria:
- Male or non-pregnant female
- ≥18 years of age
- Chronic (> 6 mo post) injury
- Diagnosis of spinal cord injury
- Able to achieve adequate fit within exoskeleton
- Sufficient range of motion to attain normal, reciprocal gait pattern, and transition from normal sit to stand or stand to sit
- Weight <220 pounds
- Intact skin on all surfaces in contact with device and load bearing surfaces
- Ability to perform informed consent
- Cognitively intact and able to follow directions and demonstrate learning capability
Spinal Cord Injury Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy
- Spinal instability
- Non-English speaking
- Unhealed limb or pelvic fractures or any condition restricting weight bearing in limbs
- Diagnosis of other neurological injury other than SCI such as CVA, MS, ABI, CP
- Uncontrolled spasticity (≥3 on Modified Ashworth Scale)[21]
- Colostomy
- Decreased range of motion or contractures in legs (>10° at hips, knees or ankles)
- Uncontrolled autonomic dysreflexia
- Unresolved deep vein thrombosis
- Inability to tolerate standing due to cardiovascular issues or orthostatic hypotension
- Severe comorbidities: active infections, heart, lung, or circulatory conditions
- Pressure sores, impaired skin integrity
Acquired Brain Injury(ABI) Inclusion Criteria:
- Male or non-pregnant female
- ≥18 years of age
- Chronic (> 6 mo post) injury
- Able to achieve adequate fit within exoskeleton
- Ability to perform informed consent
- Sufficient range of motion to attain normal, reciprocal gait pattern, and transition from normal sit to stand or stand to sit
- Weight <220 pounds
- Intact skin on all surfaces in contact with device and load bearing surfaces
- Cognitively intact and able to follow directions and demonstrate learning capability
Acquired Brain Injury(ABI) Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy
- Spinal instability
- Non-English speaking
- Unhealed limb or pelvic fractures or any condition restricting weight bearing in limbs
- Diagnosis of other neurological injury other than ABI such as SCI, MS, TBI, CP
- Decreased range of motion or contractures in legs (>10° at hips, knees or ankles)
- Inability to tolerate standing due to cardiovascular issues or orthostatic hypotension
- Pressure sores, impaired skin integrity
- Uncontrolled spasticity (≥3 on Modified Ashworth Scale)
- Colostomy
- Severe comorbidities: active infections, heart, lung, or circulatory conditions
- Unresolved deep vein thrombosis
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Inclusion Criteria:
- Male or non-pregnant female
- ≥18 years of age
- Chronic (> 6 mo post) injury
- Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
- Ability to perform informed consent
- Sufficient range of motion to attain normal, reciprocal gait pattern, and transition from normal sit to stand or stand to sit
- Weight <220 pounds
- Able to achieve adequate fit within exoskeleton
- Intact skin on all surfaces in contact with device and load bearing surfaces
- Cognitively intact and able to follow directions and demonstrate learning capability
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy
- Spinal instability
- Non-English speaking
- Unhealed limb or pelvic fractures or any condition restricting weight bearing in limbs
- Decreased range of motion or contractures in legs (>10° at hips, knees or ankles)
- Inability to tolerate standing due to cardiovascular issues or orthostatic hypotension
- Uncontrolled autonomic dysreflexia
- Unresolved deep vein thrombosis
- Pressure sores, impaired skin integrity
- Uncontrolled spasticity (≥3 on Modified Ashworth Scale)
- Colostomy
- Severe comorbidities: active infections, heart, lung, or circulatory conditions[23,24]
- Diagnosis of other neurological injury other than MS such as CVA, SCI, ABI, CP
- MS Relapse in 3 months prior to recruitment
Able Bodied Inclusion Criteria:
- Male or non-pregnant female
- ≥18 years of age
- Weight <220 pounds
- Cognitively intact and able to follow directions and demonstrate learning capability[23]
- Healthy individuals with no history or diagnosis of neurological injury
- Sufficient range of motion to attain normal, reciprocal gait pattern, and transition from normal sit to stand or stand to sit
- Able to achieve adequate fit within exoskeleton
- Intact skin on all surfaces in contact with device and load bearing surfaces
- Ability to perform informed consent[24]
Able Bodied Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy
- Spinal instability
- Non-English speaking
- Unhealed limb or pelvic fractures or any condition restricting weight bearing in limbs
- Diagnosis of neurological injury such as CVA, SCI, ABI, CP, MS
- Decreased range of motion or contractures in legs (>10° at hips, knees or ankles)
- Severe comorbidities: active infections, heart, lung, or circulatory conditions
- Colostomy