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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz | OTHER |
| University of Leeds | OTHER |
| Liverpool John Moores University | OTHER |
| Radboud University Medical Center |
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The study includes healthy young habitually active subjects. All subjects are subjected to two weeks of immobilization of one leg followed by four weeks of training of both legs. The subjects are randomized to either one-leg training of the non-immobilized leg during the two-week immobilization period or to no training of the non-immobilized leg during the immobilization period. Measures include skeletal muscle morphology, markers of angiogenesis and apoptosis, muscle metabolic markers, vascular function, vascular proteins and performance.
One leg of young healthy subjects will be immoblized for two weeks. Changes in angiogenic proteins and markers of apoptosis in muscle tissue and muscle extracellular fluid will be determined in both legs and in parallel the functional consequences of immobilization will be assessed. Vascular function and vascular proteins will also be determined. In order to understand how the oxidative capacity of the muscle is altered in parallel with changes in capillarization, markers of mitochondria will be measured .Half of the subjects will be randomized to single-leg training during the immobilization period to assess whether simultaneous training reduces the loss of capillaries, muscle function and vascular function in the immobilized leg. After the immobilization period the study participants will train the immobilized leg and the control leg for four weeks by moderate to intense interval cycle training and the same parameteres as during immobilization will be assessed in both legs. The study will also include measurements of circulating compounds and platelets in blood.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immobilization | Active Comparator | After baseline studies, the subjects will have one leg immobilized by full length plaster for two weeks. During the two weeks, the other leg will not be trained. After the two weeks the subjects will train both legs for four weeks. |
|
| Training of non-immobilized leg | Active Comparator | After baseline studies, the subjects will have one leg immobilized by full length plaster for two weeks. During the two weeks, the other leg will be trained. After the two weeks the subjects will train both legs for four weeks. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immobilization | Other | Full length cast of one leg R/L randomized |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Angiogenesis | Skeletal muscle capillarization-comparison between legs | Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization |
| Vascular function | Measurements of skeletal muscle blood flow by ultrasound doppler in response to infusion of vasodilators/constrictors-comparison between legs | Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization |
| Angiogenesis | Skeletal muscle capillarization-comparison between legs | Change from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
| Vascular function | Measurements of skeletal muscle blood flow by ultrasound doppler in response to infusion of vasodilators/constrictors-comparison between legs | Change from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Vascular and metabolic proteins | Proteins of importance for vascular function and muscle metabolism measured in muscle biopsy samples, skeletal muscle interstitial fluid and plasma-comparison between legs | Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization and from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Copenhagen | Copenhagen | Denmark |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33787530 | Derived | Gliemann L, Rytter N, Jorgensen TS, Piil P, Carter H, Nyberg M, Grassi M, Daumer M, Hellsten Y. The Impact of Lower Limb Immobilization and Rehabilitation on Angiogenic Proteins and Capillarization in Skeletal Muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021 Sep 1;53(9):1797-1806. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002665. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D046353 | Immobility Response, Tonic |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001522 | Behavior, Animal |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007103 | Immobilization |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
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| OTHER |
Parallel randomized to training or no training of non-immobilized leg during immobilization of the other leg
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| Training with non immobilized leg | Other | Exercise training will be conducted with the non-immobilized leg during the immobilization period of two weeks |
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| Exercise training with both legs | Other | Exercise training will be conducted regularly on a cycle ergometer during a four week period |
|
| Arterial blood pressure |
Measured by sphygmomanometer and intra-arterially |
| Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization and from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
| Knee extensor performance | Measurements of maximal power and endurance-comparison between legs | Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization and from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
| Maximal oxygen uptake | Measured by gas analysis during an incremental ergometer cycle protocol | Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization and from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
| Body composition | Measurements by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization and from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
| Skin microcirculation | Measurements of skin blood flow and morphology and relevant proteins in skin biopsies | Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization and from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
| Markers of bone metabolism | Measurements of bone markers in plasma | Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization and from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
| Markers of angiogenesis | Measurement of angiogenic and apoptotic factors-comparison between legs | Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization and from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
| Vascular function-non-invasive | Measurements of skeletal muscle blood flow at rest, during passive movement, during exercise, after five min of occlusion and during infusion of vasodilators and constrictors-comparison between legs | Change from baseline to after 2 weeks of immobilization and from after immobilization to after 4 weeks of training |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |