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The aim of this study is to combat the growing global health issue of sedentary behavior and the associated health consequences of prolonged sitting in the workplace. The population of desk-based workers makes up a relatively large population and are an important target for this health promoting initiative with a focus on improving posture, encouraging movement, and fostering a more active and healthy business community. It's important to recognize that occupational therapy practitioners can contribute to community health promotion/disease prevention programs by the skill-set of practitioners to understand habits and routines that influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviors.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 Minute Group | Active Comparator | This group will use the Ergotron WorkFit-TL (a sit to stand work station) and be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 30 minutes throughout their workday. |
|
| 60 Minute Group | Active Comparator | This group will use the Ergotron WorkFit-TL (a sit to stand work station) and be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 60 minutes throughout their workday. |
|
| 90 Minute Group | Active Comparator | This group will use the Ergotron WorkFit-TL (a sit to stand work station) and be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 90 minutes throughout their workday. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ergotron WorkFit - TL | Device | A sit to stand work station. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reported Musculoskeletal Discomfort Per Group at 3 Months | Three scales were compiled 1) aches and pains, 2) discomfort and 3) interference due to aches and pains. All three scales included 9 questions centered on the occurrence in body regions, including the neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, upper arms, forearm/wrist, hip, thigh, and knee/lower leg. Aches and Pains was on a 5 point scale, from 1) Never to 5) Several Times a Day. Uncomfortable was on a 4 point scale, ranging from 0) No Discomfort to 3) Very Uncomfortable. Interference was on a 4 point scale from 0) Not a problem to 3) Substantially interfered. Higher scores indicated more problems in each of these areas. | 3 months |
| Reported Musculoskeletal Discomfort Per Group at 6 Months | Three scales were compiled 1) aches and pains, 2) discomfort and 3) interference due to aches and pains. All three scales included 9 questions centered on the occurrence in body regions, including the neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, upper arms, forearm/wrist, hip, thigh, and knee/lower leg. Aches and Pains was on a 5 point scale, from 1) Never to 5) Several Times a Day. Uncomfortable was on a 4 point scale, ranging from 0) No Discomfort to 3) Very Uncomfortable. Interference was on a 4 point scale from 0) Not a problem to 3) Substantially interfered. Higher scores indicated more problems in each of these areas. | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reported Musculoskeletal Discomfort at Work at 3 Months and 6 Months All Groups Combined | The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire consists of three scales that were compiled 1) aches and pains, 2) discomfort and 3) interference due to aches and pains. All three scales included 9 questions centered on the occurrence in body regions, including the neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, upper arms, forearm/wrist, hip, thigh, and knee/lower leg. Aches and Pains was on a 5 point scale, from 1) Never to 5) Several Times a Day. Uncomfortable was on a 4 point scale, ranging from 0) No Discomfort to 3) Very Uncomfortable. Interference was on a 4 point scale from 0) Not a problem to 3) Substantially interfered. Higher scores indicated more problems in each of these areas. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Brandy Brown, OTD | West Virginia University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Virginia University | Morgantown | West Virginia | 26506 | United States |
There is not a plan to share individual participant data.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | 30 Minute Group | This group will be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 30 minutes throughout their workday using the sit to stand workstation. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. |
| FG001 | 60 Minute Group | This group will be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 60 minutes throughout their workday using the sit to stand workstation. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. |
| FG002 | 90 Minute Group | This group will be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 90 minutes throughout their workday using the sit to stand workstation. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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The desks were donated to the division for the purpose of research. We only received 20 desks, therefore 18 was the max number of individuals who were enrolled to allow for replacement desks to be immediately available in the event that we should need them.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | 30 Minute Group | roup members will be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 30 minutes throughout their workday using the sit to stand workstation. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. |
| BG001 | 60 Minute Group |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Reported Musculoskeletal Discomfort Per Group at 3 Months | Three scales were compiled 1) aches and pains, 2) discomfort and 3) interference due to aches and pains. All three scales included 9 questions centered on the occurrence in body regions, including the neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, upper arms, forearm/wrist, hip, thigh, and knee/lower leg. Aches and Pains was on a 5 point scale, from 1) Never to 5) Several Times a Day. Uncomfortable was on a 4 point scale, ranging from 0) No Discomfort to 3) Very Uncomfortable. Interference was on a 4 point scale from 0) Not a problem to 3) Substantially interfered. Higher scores indicated more problems in each of these areas. | At this point in the study there were still 16 individuals enrolled. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 3 months |
|
6 months
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | 30 Minute Group | Group members will be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 30 minutes throughout their workday using the sit to stand workstation. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. |
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Number of participants per group were small creating decreased power for study results between groups.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Brandy Brown | West Virginia University | 304-293-1955 | bkenned2@hsc.wvu.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Feb 2, 2017 | Jan 11, 2019 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059352 | Musculoskeletal Pain |
| D057185 | Sedentary Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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| Beginning of study, 3 months, and 6 months (end of study) |
roup members will be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 60 minutes throughout their workday using the sit to stand workstation. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. |
| BG002 | 90 Minute Group | roup members will be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 90 minutes throughout their workday using the sit to stand workstation. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. |
| BG003 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Marital Status | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Employment | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Role | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Number of Days Worked Per Week | Mean number of days worked per week. | Mean | Standard Deviation | number of days worked/week |
|
| Income | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Total Hours Worked Per Week | Mean | Standard Deviation | hours/week |
|
| Aches/Pains | The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire consists of three scales that were compiled 1) aches and pains, 2) discomfort and 3) interference due to aches and pains. All three scales included 9 questions centered on the occurrence in body regions, including the neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, upper arms, forearm/wrist, hip, thigh, and knee/lower leg. Aches and Pains was on a 5 point scale, from 1) Never to 5) Several Times a Day. Higher scores indicated more problems in each of these areas. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Uncomfortable from Aches/Pains | The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire consists of three scales that were compiled 1) aches and pains, 2) discomfort and 3) interference due to aches and pains. All three scales included 9 questions centered on the occurrence in body regions, including the neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, upper arms, forearm/wrist, hip, thigh, and knee/lower leg. Discomfort (uncomfortable from aches and pains) was on a 4 point scale, from 0) Never to No Discomfort to 3) Very Uncomfortable. Higher scores indicated more problems in each of these areas. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Aches/Pains Interfere with Work | The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire consists of three scales that were compiled 1) aches and pains, 2) discomfort and 3) interference due to aches and pains. All three scales included 9 questions centered on the occurrence in body regions, including the neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, upper arms, forearm/wrist, hip, thigh, and knee/lower leg. Interference from Aches/Pains was on a 4 point scale, from 0) Not a problem to 3) Substantially interferes. Higher scores indicated more problems in each of these areas. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| OG001 | 60 Minute Group | This group will use the Ergotron WorkFit-TL (a sit to stand work station) and be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 60 minutes throughout their workday. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. |
| OG002 | 90 Minute Group | This group will use the Ergotron WorkFit-TL (a sit to stand work station) and be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 90 minutes throughout their workday. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. |
|
|
|
| Primary | Reported Musculoskeletal Discomfort Per Group at 6 Months | Three scales were compiled 1) aches and pains, 2) discomfort and 3) interference due to aches and pains. All three scales included 9 questions centered on the occurrence in body regions, including the neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, upper arms, forearm/wrist, hip, thigh, and knee/lower leg. Aches and Pains was on a 5 point scale, from 1) Never to 5) Several Times a Day. Uncomfortable was on a 4 point scale, ranging from 0) No Discomfort to 3) Very Uncomfortable. Interference was on a 4 point scale from 0) Not a problem to 3) Substantially interfered. Higher scores indicated more problems in each of these areas. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 6 months |
|
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|
|
| Secondary | Reported Musculoskeletal Discomfort at Work at 3 Months and 6 Months All Groups Combined | The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire consists of three scales that were compiled 1) aches and pains, 2) discomfort and 3) interference due to aches and pains. All three scales included 9 questions centered on the occurrence in body regions, including the neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, upper arms, forearm/wrist, hip, thigh, and knee/lower leg. Aches and Pains was on a 5 point scale, from 1) Never to 5) Several Times a Day. Uncomfortable was on a 4 point scale, ranging from 0) No Discomfort to 3) Very Uncomfortable. Interference was on a 4 point scale from 0) Not a problem to 3) Substantially interfered. Higher scores indicated more problems in each of these areas. | Secondary to the individual group sizes being small, we decided to do an analysis of all of the groups combined to determine if the intervention made any impact on musculoskeletal discomfort with use over time. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Beginning of study, 3 months, and 6 months (end of study) |
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 6 |
| 0 |
| 6 |
| 0 |
| 6 |
| EG001 | 60 Minute Group | Group members will be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 60 minutes throughout their workday using the sit to stand workstation. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| EG002 | 90 Minute Group | Group members will be required to alternate periods of sitting and standing every 90 minutes throughout their workday using the sit to stand workstation. Ergotron WorkFit - TL: A sit to stand work station. | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 |
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| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
|
| Interfere with Work |
|
Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis Tests and ChiSqaure analysis were completed for discomfort at the six month time frame. |
| Chi-squared |
ChiSqaure 2.6983, DF |
| 0.2595 |
p=0.05 is the threshold for statistical significance |
| Superiority |
| Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis Tests and ChiSqaure analysis were completed for interference at the six month time frame | Chi-squared | ChiSquare 1.5991, DF 2 | 0.4495 | p=0.05 is the threshold for statistical significance | Superiority |
| Interfere with Work |
|
Three and six month results were combined and compared to baseline data for each of the outcome variables. Repeated measures MANOVAs with pairwise comparisons were used to examine the decrease of variables over time from time 1 to times 2 and 3. |
| MANOVA |
| =0.0006 |
Uncomfortable (F-test G-G Epsilon (1.43, 17.15) = 14.39, p = 0.0006), from time 1 to times 2 and 3 |
| Superiority |
| We used repeated measures MANOVAs with pairwise comparisons to examine the decrease of the variables over time. Significant differences for within subjects by time were found | MANOVA | <0.0001 | Interference (F-test G-G Epsilon (1.55, 18.66) = 34.09, p < 0.0001), from time 1 to times 2 and 3. | Superiority |