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difficulties in recruitment
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Pupillometry will be performed before administration of tramadol, at T0 and then 1 to twice per hour in children having received tramadol as a pain killer as part of his/her routine care.
Pupillometry measurement will be correlate to CYP2D6 phenotype and CYP2D6 genetic score
The proposed study is a single-center, observational and prospective study which will be conducted at the Pediatric Emergency Department, Geneva Children's Hospital.
This study will begin in January 2016 and will last one year. 53 patients are planned to be enrolled.
Children receiving oral tramadol as a pain killer at the emergency department, as part of their routine care, will be informed of the current study. Patients willing to participate will be included in the study after signing the inform consent (or respectively his/her parents or legal guardians). A unique oral dose of dextromethorphan (0.15 mg/kg) will be given to the participant for CYP2D6 phenotyping (T0).
Two hours later, capillary whole blood will be sampled to 1) measure the metabolic ratio dextrorphan/dextromethorphan (MRDOR/DEM) in order to determine CYP2D6 phenotype (validated metrics for CYP2D6 phenotyping), 2) measure tramadol and its active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol (M1), and 3) to genotype for CYP2D6. Saliva sample will also be performed to genotype for CYP2D6. Pupillometry will be performed before administration of tramadol, at T0 and then 1 to twice per hour, throughout the patient's stay at the emergency department.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| single arm study | Experimental | pupillometry, CYP2D6 genotyping and phenotyping |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pupillometry | Device | Pupillometry performed before administration of tramadol, at T0 and then 1 to twice per hour, during the stay of the patient in the emergency department |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| pupillometry parameters and CYP2D6 phenotype | Correlation between pupillometry parameters and CYP2D6 phenotype | 0-6hours after tramadol administration |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| pupillometry parameters and CYP2D6 genotype | Correlation between pupillometry parameters and CYP2D6 genotype | 0-6hours after tramadol administration |
| pupillometry parameters and tramadol concentration |
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Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Frederique j Rodieux, MD | Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland | Geneva | 1205 | Switzerland |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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Correlation between pupillometry parameters and blood levels of tramadol and its active metabolite M1
| 0-6hours after tramadol administration |