Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Sao Paulo | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This study aimed to investigate the influence of the glycemic control of type 2 diabetes (DM2) and of cetirizine (OCTs inhibitor) on gabapentin kinetics disposition and pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) in patients with neuropathic pain. Thus, non-diabetic patients (Control Group, n=10), patients with controlled diabetes (n=9) and patients with uncontrolled diabetes (n=10), all with neuropathic pain of intensity ≥ 4 in pain visual analog scale (0-10) were investigated.
Gabapentin (GBP), anticonvulsant used to neuropathic pain treatment, is mainly eliminated unchanged in urine. Renal active tubular secretion has been suggested to contribute on GBP excretion by renal excretion. Studies performed on rats with experimental diabetes suggest that hyperglycemia reduces the activity of organic cation transporters (Oct). Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the role of OCTs on kinetic disposition and pharmacodynamics of GBP in patients with neuropathic pain and to verify the regulation of these transporters' activity by glycemic control in diabetes. A cross-over clinical study was performed in patients with neuropathic pain (n=10, Control) to evaluate the influence of CTZ on GBP kinetic disposition. To evaluate the effect of glycemic control, patients with controlled DM2 (DC, n=9) and uncontrolled DM2 (DNC, n=10) were investigated. All participants investigated had neuropathic pain of intensity ≥ 4 evaluated by analogue visual scale (EVA) and were treated with oral single-dose of 300 mg of GBP (Phase 1) or cetirizine (20 mg/day) for 5 days and single-dose of GBP on the last day (Phase 2). Only participants of Control group participated of Phase 2. Serial blood and urine samples were collected up to 36 hours after GBP administration. The intensity of pain was evaluated at the same time of blood sampling, using the visual analog scale. GBP concentration in plasma and urine was validated by JPLC-UV. All participants were genotyped for polymorphisms SLC22A2 808G>T and SLC22A4 1507C>T. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Active Comparator | Adult patients (18 - 59 years old) with neuropathic pain of score ≥ 4 that do not use gabapentin were recruited. All patients received oral single dose of gabapentin (300 mg) as capsules after 12 hour-fasting (phase I). To investigate GBP pharmacokinetics, blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes up to 36 hours after GBP administration. The urine of the patients was collected up to 36 hours after GBP administration. The intensity of pain was evaluated in each time of blood sampling through the visual analog scale (0-10). In phase II, after 15 days (wash-out) from phase I, cetirizine hydrochloride (10 mg) was administered orally, twice a day, as pills, for five days. On the last day of cetirizine treatment, an oral single dose of gabapentin (300 mg), as capsule, was administered. Serial blood and urine samples were collected up to 36 hours after GBP administration. The intensity of pain was evaluated in each time of blood sampling. |
|
| Controlled Diabetes Group | Experimental | Adult patients (18 - 59 years old) with controlled type 2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin ≤ 8.0%) and diabetic neuropathy of score ≥ 4 that do not use gabapentin were recruited. All patients received oral single dose of gabapentin (300 mg) as capsules after 12 hour-fasting. To investigate GBP pharmacokinetics, blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes up to 36 hours after GBP administration. The urine of the patients was collected up to 36 hours after GBP administration. The intensity of pain was evaluated in each time of blood sampling through the visual analog scale (0-10). |
|
| Uncontrolled Diabetes Group | Experimental |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serial Blood Samples | Procedure | Serial blood samples were collected at times 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 36 hours after gabapentin administration, for all patients. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic parameter (AUC) | Area under the plasma concentration versus time (AUC) | Up to 36 hours after gabapentin (300 mg) administration |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic parameter (Total clearance) | Total clearance | Up to 36 hours after gabapentin (300 mg) administration |
| Pharmacokinetic parameter (Renal clearance) | Renal clearance |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Adult patients (18 - 59 years old) with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin ≥ 8.0%) and diabetic neuropathy of score ≥ 4 that do not use gabapentin were recruited. All patients received oral single dose of gabapentin (300 mg) as capsules after 12 hour-fasting. To investigate GBP pharmacokinetics, blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes up to 36 hours after GBP administration. The urine of the patients was collected up to 36 hours after GBP administration. The intensity of pain was evaluated in each time of blood sampling through the visual analog scale (0-10).
|
| Serial Urine Samples | Procedure | Serial urine samples were collected at intervals 0-8 hours, 8-16 hours, 16-24 hours and 24-36 hours after gabapentin administration, for all patients. |
|
| Gabapentin 300 mg | Drug | All patients were treated with oral single dose of gabapentin 300 mg. |
|
| Cetirizine Hydrochloride 10 mg | Drug | Patients of control group were treated with cetirizine hydrochloride, 10 mg, twice as day, orally, for five days. |
|
| Up to 36 hours after gabapentin (300 mg) administration |
| Pharmacokinetic parameter (Vd) | Volume of distribution (Vd) | Up to 36 hours after gabapentin (300 mg) administration |
| Pharmacokinetic parameter (Elimination half-life) | Elimination half-life | Up to 36 hours after gabapentin (300 mg) administration |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009437 | Neuralgia |
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| D003929 | Diabetic Neuropathies |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010523 | Peripheral Nervous System Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D048909 | Diabetes Complications |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077206 | Gabapentin |
| D017332 | Cetirizine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000588 | Amines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D005680 | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid |
| D000613 | Aminobutyrates |
| D002087 | Butyrates |
| D000144 | Acids, Acyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D003509 | Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids |
| D000146 | Acids, Carbocyclic |
| D003510 | Cyclohexanes |
| D003516 | Cycloparaffins |
| D006840 | Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D006919 | Hydroxyzine |
| D010879 | Piperazines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
Not provided
Not provided